4,043 research outputs found
Genome Reduction Is Associated with Bacterial Pathogenicity across Different Scales of Temporal and Ecological Divergence.
Emerging bacterial pathogens threaten global health and food security, and so it is important to ask whether these transitions to pathogenicity have any common features. We present a systematic study of the claim that pathogenicity is associated with genome reduction and gene loss. We compare broad-scale patterns across all bacteria, with detailed analyses of Streptococcus suis, an emerging zoonotic pathogen of pigs, which has undergone multiple transitions between disease and carriage forms. We find that pathogenicity is consistently associated with reduced genome size across three scales of divergence (between species within genera, and between and within genetic clusters of S.Β suis). Although genome reduction is also found in mutualist and commensal bacterial endosymbionts, genome reduction in pathogens cannot be solely attributed to the features of their ecology that they share with these species, that is, host restriction or intracellularity. Moreover, other typical correlates of genome reduction in endosymbionts (reduced metabolic capacity, reduced GC content, and the transient expansion of nonfunctional elements) are not consistently observed in pathogens. Together, our results indicate that genome reduction is a consistent correlate of pathogenicity in bacteria
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for treatment of liver metastasis
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ VMAT. Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅.In this work was study the planning methodology of VMAT. the role of pre-treatment topometry, treatment planning, quality control plans, and delivery of treatment to five patients with liver metastases in the Tomsk Regional Oncology Center
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