6,078 research outputs found

    Comparative Investigation of Self-Citation Patterns in Information Science: A Pilot Study

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    This study is an exploratory investigation into the citation patterns in the field of Information Retrieval. Preliminary findings are based on a comparison of self-citation rates in JASIST, a leading journal in Information Retrieval, and a journal in an unrelated field. Although the sample size is small, the preliminary results suggest that there may be irregularities in the self-citation rates among Information Retrieval authors. The exploratory study found that self-citation rate in JASIST is nearly three times that of a journal in an unrelated field. Further study with a more robust sample is warranted to confirm the findings herein and to shed light on the motivations for self-citations.ye

    A Theory of Form as Temporal Referentiality

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    This study proposes temporal referentiality—roughly defined as the orientation of substance in its temporal medium—as a theoretical and analytical framework for musical form. Operating on the principle of music as a temporally extended entity, this thesis explores the connections that occur between substance across its medium, suggests an additional interpretation of medium connections (temporality) in terms of language tense, and examines substance connections (referentiality) through different types of filtering. I also propose a means for visual and literary interpretation of temporal referentiality, depicting a network of substance relationships established over a piece’s timespace. Analysis of this type assumes a listener’s complete familiarity with the substance in its temporal boundaries. Visual representations portray the amount and strength of future- and past-oriented musical substance at a given point in time, including which sections are connected to one another (medium connection) and which variables or features of sameness are responsible for this connection (substance connection). Employing an analogy between orientation and tense, it also becomes feasible to construct a “model prose composition” with the same temporal referentiality as a piece of music. Finally, a system of filtering serves to isolate portions of medium and substance and to clarify what elements are responsible for the elusive concept of “sameness.” The possibilities for temporal reference analysis are applied to the first movements of Bartók’s Fourth String Quartet and Brahms’s Violin Concerto, as well as Bach’s Contrapunctus #9 from The Art of Fugue and the Variations movement of Webern’s Symphony op. 21

    Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication

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    Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published The need for a theory of citing - a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact

    Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication

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    Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact

    Bulk continuum generation: the ultimate tool for laser applications and spectroscopy

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    This thesis investigates bulk continuum generation. A full study of all relevant parameter is given. In addition, its application in ultrafast and widly tunable amplifiers and spectrometers is shown

    Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication

    Get PDF
    Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact

    What is an online community? A new definition based around commitment; connection; reciprocity; interaction; agency; and consequences

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    This paper explores the concept of online community. It is divided into three main sections. The first examines the challenge of defining the concepts of community and being online. The second looks at definitions of online community as well as the ways in which the term has been used across a wide range of contexts, covering issues of attachment, emotion, community strength, motivation for participation, and relationship to technology. The third provides a general definition of online community around six key elements: commitment; connection to others; reciprocity; interaction; agency and consequences. The paper sensitises practitioners and researchers to the contested nature of community and provides a definition that is both broad and complex

    Self-control contributions to university students\u27 neuroenhancement behaviour

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    Students’ use of substances with the intent to enhance cognitive and/or academic functioning (referred to as “neuroenhancement”) has received increased academic attention in recent years. However, additional research regarding individual differences that increase risk of engagement in neuroenhancement is needed. Across three studies (total N = 410), the current dissertation sought to broaden the extant work in this area by investigating one candidate mechanism for university students’ engagement in neuroenhancement: self-control. In Study 1, associations of lifetime engagement in various modes of neuroenhancement (e.g., “legal neuroenhancement” using legal substances such as caffeine, over-the-counter substances, and nicotine; neuroenhancement using illicit drugs; and neuroenhancement via non-medical use of prescription stimulants [NMUPS] and other prescription drugs) with trait self-control (as measured via a multi-method approach) were investigated. Results demonstrated an association of self-control with neuroenhancement broadly, but demonstrated a differential pattern of associations of multivariate self-control across the various modes of neuroenhancement. Thus, this study highlighted poor self-control as an important characteristic of students who engage in neuroenhancement broadly and emphasized the importance of differentiating substance-specific classes of neuroenhancement. Study 2 sought to investigate the impacts of state self-control depletion on neuroenhancement outcomes (i.e., willingness to engage in neuroenhancement, self-reported likelihood of future engagement in neuroenhancement behaviour). Participants were randomly-assigned to complete either a purportedly “self-control-depleting” or non-depleting condition of a well-established experimental paradigm (Baumeister et al., 1998). Although trait self-control was inversely related to intent to engage in neuroenhancement, the study failed to demonstrate an effect of state self-control depletion on neuroenhancement (operationalized as attitudes and future neuroenhancement intent). Finally, Study 3 investigated self-control as a potential contributing factor to the previously-demonstrated association of poor academic functioning with engagement in NMUPS. As a secondary aim, this study also compared this association across NMUPS history variables derived across two time-frames (i.e., dichotomous coding of lifetime and past 30-day history of NMUPS) and two measurement methods (i.e., 30-day NMUPS history, as measured via a single question vs. through an adapted timeline follow-back approach). Although the pattern of associations varied across models, self-control and GPA both contributed to the statistical prediction of neuroenhancement history. In the case of past 30-day history (measured dichotomously), associations of GPA with neuroenhancement were fully accounted for by self-control. Interestingly, timeline follow-back measurement of NMUPS was associated with neither GPA nor the self-control variables. Across these three studies, variations in self-control were demonstrated to be associated with students’ engagement in substance use for cognitive enhancement purposes. Findings are discussed in the context of the Drug Instrumentalization Theory (Mueller & Schumann, 2011) and existing models of neuroenhancement as a behaviour aimed at self-medication of undiagnosed or subclinical cognitive symptoms (e.g., inattention). Implications for assessment of neuroenhancement are also discussed
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