Anomaliedetektion in räumlich-zeitlichen Datensätzen

Die Unterstützung des Menschen bei Überwachungsaufgaben ist aufgrund der überwältigenden Menge an Sensordaten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung von Datenfusionsmethoden am Beispiel des maritimen Raums. Es werden verschiedene Anomalien untersucht, anhand realer Schiffsverkehrsdaten bewertet und mit Experten erprobt. Dazu werden Situationen von Interesse und Anomalien basierend auf verschiedenen maschinellen Lernverfahren modelliert und evaluiert

Anomaliedetektion in räumlich-zeitlichen Datensätzen

Eine Unterstützung des Menschen in Überwachungsaufgaben spielt eine immer wichtigere Rolle, da die schiere Menge der anfallenden Daten von heterogenen Sensoren eine Überforderung des Menschen zur Folge hat. Hierfür müssen dem Menschen in kritischen Entscheidungen die wichtigsten Informationen transparent dargebracht werden, um so das Situationsbewusstsein zu stärken. In dieser Arbeit wird der maritime Raum als Beispiel für die Entwicklung verschiedener Datenfusionsverfahren zu ebendiesem Zweck herangezogen. Der maritime Raum als Anwendungsszenario bietet durch seine enorme wirtschaftliche Bedeutung für den Welthandel, das Auftreten verschiedenster Anomalien und krimineller Handlungen wie Piraterie und illegaler Fischerei und die Verfügbarkeit von Datenquellen ein gut für die Erprobung der Verfahren geeignetes Umfeld. Die entwickelten und untersuchten Verfahren decken hierbei die gesamte Bandbreite von einfachen Positions- und kinematischen Anomalien, über kontextuelle Anomalien bis zu komplexen Anomalien ab. Für die Untersuchung werden verschiedene Datensätze mit realen Schiffsverkehrsinformationen genutzt. Außerdem werden die Verfahren teilweise in Live Trials mit Küstenwachen erprobt. Zur Entwicklung der Verfahren wird als Grundlage zunächst das objektorientierte Weltmodell um Verhaltensmodelle erweitert sowie das EUCISE-Datenmodell als Basis für die Modellierung des verfügbaren Hintergrundwissens identifiziert. Die ersten untersuchten Verfahren detektieren Anomalien in der Position und der Kinematik basierend auf einzelnen Datenpunkten oder ganzen Trajektorien. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, dass zwar Anomalien erkannt werden, die Korrektklassifikationsrate für einen tatsächlichen Einsatz aber deutlich zu hoch ausfällt sowie bestimmte Anomalien ohne Kontext nicht bestimmbar sind. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein Multiagentensystem aufgestellt, welches das Verhalten der beobachteten Objekte durch spieltheoretische Modelle simuliert. Die hierzu notwendigen Nutzenfunktionen werden sowohl wissensbasiert als auch datengetrieben hergeleitet. Mit den integrierten Kontextinformationen können echte Anomalien deutlich besser von normalem Verhalten abgegrenzt werden. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe von Merkmalen, die aus georeferenzierten Informationen abgeleitet werden, Kontextinformationen zur Klassifikation von Schiffstypen in neuronalen Netzen integriert werden können. Im letzten Schritt werden komplexe Anomalien in Form von spezifischen Situationen basierend auf dynamischen Bayes’schen Netzen modelliert und in Live Trials erprobt. Hierbei werden Kontextinformationen, wie das Wetter, sowie Datenquellen mit unterschiedlicher Zuverlässigkeit integriert, um Situationen in verschiedenen durch Endanwender/-innen mitgestalteten Anwendungsszenarien zu erkennen. Insgesamt wird gezeigt, dass mit automatischen Verfahren Anomalien unterschiedlicher Art erkannt werden können. Die Verfahren werden jeweils mit realen Daten evaluiert, um die Möglichkeit des tatsächlichen Einsatzes als Entscheidungsunterstützung für Menschen in realen Anwendungsszenarien aufzuzeigen

Music - Media - History

Music and sound shape the emotional content of audio-visual media and carry different meanings. This volume considers audio-visual material as a primary source for historiography. By analyzing how the same sounds are used in different media contexts at different times, the contributors intend to challenge the linear perspective of (music) history based on canonic authority. The book discusses AV-Documents (analysis in context), methodological questions (implications for research, education, and popularization of knowledge), archives of cultural memory (from the perspective of Cultural Studies) as well as digitalization and its consequences (organization of knowledge)

Music - Media - History: Re-Thinking Musicology in an Age of Digital Media

Music and sound shape the emotional content of audio-visual media and carry different meanings. This volume considers audio-visual material as a primary source for historiography. By analyzing how the same sounds are used in different media contexts at different times, the contributors intend to challenge the linear perspective of (music) history based on canonic authority. The book discusses AV-Documents (analysis in context), methodological questions (implications for research, education, and popularization of knowledge), archives of cultural memory (from the perspective of Cultural Studies) as well as digitalization and its consequences (organization of knowledge)

Graph Data-Models and Semantic Web Technologies in Scholarly Digital Editing

This volume is based on the selected papers presented at the Workshop on Scholarly Digital Editions, Graph Data-Models and Semantic Web Technologies, held at the Uni- versity of Lausanne in June 2019. The Workshop was organized by Elena Spadini (University of Lausanne) and Francesca Tomasi (University of Bologna), and spon- sored by the Swiss National Science Foundation through a Scientific Exchange grant, and by the Centre de recherche sur les lettres romandes of the University of Lausanne. The Workshop comprised two full days of vibrant discussions among the invited speakers, the authors of the selected papers, and other participants.1 The acceptance rate following the open call for papers was around 60%. All authors – both selected and invited speakers – were asked to provide a short paper two months before the Workshop. The authors were then paired up, and each pair exchanged papers. Paired authors prepared questions for one another, which were to be addressed during the talks at the Workshop; in this way, conversations started well before the Workshop itself. After the Workshop, the papers underwent a second round of peer-review before inclusion in this volume. This time, the relevance of the papers was not under discus- sion, but reviewers were asked to appraise specific aspects of each contribution, such as its originality or level of innovation, its methodological accuracy and knowledge of the literature, as well as more formal parameters such as completeness, clarity, and coherence. The bibliography of all of the papers is collected in the public Zotero group library GraphSDE20192, which has been used to generate the reference list for each contribution in this volume. The invited speakers came from a wide range of backgrounds (academic, commer- cial, and research institutions) and represented the different actors involved in the remediation of our cultural heritage in the form of graphs and/or in a semantic web en- vironment. Georg Vogeler (University of Graz) and Ronald Haentjens Dekker (Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, Humanities Cluster) brought the Digital Humanities research perspective; the work of Hans Cools and Roberta Laura Padlina (University of Basel, National Infrastructure for Editions), as well as of Tobias Schweizer and Sepi- deh Alassi (University of Basel, Digital Humanities Lab), focused on infrastructural challenges and the development of conceptual and software frameworks to support re- searchers’ needs; Michele Pasin’s contribution (Digital Science, Springer Nature) was informed by his experiences in both academic research, and in commercial technology companies that provide services for the scientific community. The Workshop featured not only the papers of the selected authors and of the invited speakers, but also moments of discussion between interested participants. In addition to the common Q&A time, during the second day one entire session was allocated to working groups delving into topics that had emerged during the Workshop. Four working groups were created, with four to seven participants each, and each group presented a short report at the end of the session. Four themes were discussed: enhancing TEI from documents to data; ontologies for the Humanities; tools and infrastructures; and textual criticism. All of these themes are represented in this volume. The Workshop would not have been of such high quality without the support of the members of its scientific committee: Gioele Barabucci, Fabio Ciotti, Claire Clivaz, Marion Rivoal, Greta Franzini, Simon Gabay, Daniel Maggetti, Frederike Neuber, Elena Pierazzo, Davide Picca, Michael Piotrowski, Matteo Romanello, Maïeul Rouquette, Elena Spadini, Francesca Tomasi, Aris Xanthos – and, of course, the support of all the colleagues and administrative staff in Lausanne, who helped the Workshop to become a reality. The final versions of these papers underwent a single-blind peer review process. We want to thank the reviewers: Helena Bermudez Sabel, Arianna Ciula, Marilena Daquino, Richard Hadden, Daniel Jeller, Tiziana Mancinelli, Davide Picca, Michael Piotrowski, Patrick Sahle, Raffaele Viglianti, Joris van Zundert, and others who preferred not to be named personally. Your input enhanced the quality of the volume significantly! It is sad news that Hans Cools passed away during the production of the volume. We are proud to document a recent state of his work and will miss him and his ability to implement the vision of a digital scholarly edition based on graph data-models and semantic web technologies. The production of the volume would not have been possible without the thorough copy-editing and proof reading by Lucy Emmerson and the support of the IDE team, in particular Bernhard Assmann, the TeX-master himself. This volume is sponsored by the University of Bologna and by the University of Lausanne. Bologna, Lausanne, Graz, July 2021 Francesca Tomasi, Elena Spadini, Georg Vogele

Music - Media - History

Music and sound shape the emotional content of audio-visual media and carry different meanings. This volume considers audio-visual material as a primary source for historiography. By analyzing how the same sounds are used in different media contexts at different times, the contributors intend to challenge the linear perspective of (music) history based on canonic authority. The book discusses AV-Documents (analysis in context), methodological questions (implications for research, education, and popularization of knowledge), archives of cultural memory (from the perspective of Cultural Studies) as well as digitalization and its consequences (organization of knowledge)

Digitale Edition in Österreich

Between 2016 and 2020 the federally funded project "KONDE - Kompetenznetzwerk Digitale Edition" created a network of collaboration between Austrian institutions and researchers working on digital scholarly editions. With the present volume the editors provide a space where researchers and editors from Austrian institutions could theorize on their work and present their editing projects. The collection creates a snapshot of the interests and main research areas regarding digital scholarly editing in Austria at the time of the project

Market Engineering

This open access book provides a broad range of insights on market engineering and information management. It covers topics like auctions, stock markets, electricity markets, the sharing economy, information and emotions in markets, smart decision-making in cities and other systems, and methodological approaches to conceptual modeling and taxonomy development. Overall, this book is a source of inspiration for everybody working on the vision of advancing the science of engineering markets and managing information for contributing to a bright, sustainable, digital world. Markets are powerful and extremely efficient mechanisms for coordinating individuals’ and organizations’ behavior in a complex, networked economy. Thus, designing, monitoring, and regulating markets is an essential task of today’s society. This task does not only derive from a purely economic point of view. Leveraging market forces can also help to tackle pressing social and environmental challenges. Moreover, markets process, generate, and reveal information. This information is a production factor and a valuable economic asset. In an increasingly digital world, it is more essential than ever to understand the life cycle of information from its creation and distribution to its use. Both markets and the flow of information should not arbitrarily emerge and develop based on individual, profit-driven actors. Instead, they should be engineered to serve best the whole society’s goals. This motivation drives the research fields of market engineering and information management. With this book, the editors and authors honor Professor Dr. Christof Weinhardt for his enormous and ongoing contribution to market engineering and information management research and practice. It was presented to him on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday in April 2021. Thank you very much, Christof, for so many years of cooperation, support, inspiration, and friendship