Wideband and UWB antennas for wireless applications. A comprehensive review

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems

Design a new notched UWB antenna to rejected unwonted band for wireless communication

This paper presents a slotted design for ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. Design of a rectangular UWB antenna covering the frequency range 3.1-10.6 GHz, to achieve notch characteristics in the bands at 3.1-8.4 GHz and 8.6-10.6 GHz. By changing the direction of distribution of current to apply this technique by inserting three C-shaped holes and two pairs of rectangular notches below the antenna. The simulation results reveal that the proposed structure is in good accord with the simulation results. The proposed UWB antenna size is (100x90x1.6 mm)3. This proposed design could provide a solution to eliminating bands that interfere in a UWB band depending on the aperture design. The simulated findings reveal that the UWB antenna operates in the 8.5 GHz center frequency range and rejects all frequency bands utilizing slits. This antenna design can provide a solution to remove UWB bands from 3.1-10.6 except for 8.5 GHz which only works. By using the notch, we got a large increase in the gain. makes to be a suitable candidate for X-band-UWB applications

Antennas for UWB Applications

“Antennas for UWB Applications” chapter deals with an overview of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas used for different applications. Some fundamental and widely used radiators, such as fat monopole, microstrip-fed and coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot antennas, and tapered end-fire antennas are presented. Selected antenna designs are presented in relation to the UWB applications and their dictating radiation and operation principles. The demonstrated UWB antennas include antennas for handheld devices used for personal area network (PAN) communications; antennas for localization and positioning; UWB antennas for radio-frequency identifications (RFIDs); radar antennas for through-wall imaging, for ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and for breast tumor detection; and more generally, UWB antennas used for sensing. For some of the aforementioned applications, UWB antennas with special characteristics are needed, and they are presented and associated with the relevant applications. These include reconfigurable UWB antennas, metamaterial-loaded UWB antennas, and conformal UWB antennas. The usefulness of these special characteristics in comparison with the claimed advantages is critically evaluated. For the UWB applications presented in the chapter, one type or UWB antenna is recommended

Multiple Slot Fractal Structured Antenna for Wi-Fi and Radio Altimeter for uncertain Applications

A multiple slot fractal antenna design has been determined communication efficiency and its multi-function activities.  High-speed small communication devices have been required for future smart chip applications, so that researchers have been employed new and creative antenna design. Antennas are key part in communication systems, those are used to improve communication parameters like gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. Consistently, modern antennas design with high bandwidth and gain balancing is very difficult, therefore an adaptive antenna array chip design is required. In this research work a coaxial fed antenna with fractal geometry design has been implemented for Wi-Fi and Radio altimeter application. The fractal geometry has been taken with multiple numbers of slots in the radiating structure for uncertain applications. The coaxial feeding location has been selected based on the good impedance matching condition (50 Ohms). The overall dimension mentioned for antenna are approximately 50X50X1.6 mm on FR4 substrate and performance characteristic analysis is performed with change in substrate material presented in this work. Dual-band resonant frequency is being emitted by the antenna with resonance at 3.1 and 4.3 GHz for FR4 substrate material and change in the resonant bands is obtained with change in substrate. The proposed Antenna is prototyped on Anritsu VNA tool and presented the comparative analysis like VSWR 12%, reflection coefficient 9.4%,3D-Gain 6.2% and surface current 9.3% had been improved

Ultra-wideband planar antenna with notched-band for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) with triple band notch characteristics was presented. WIMAX, WLAN and Meteorological Satellite (MSAT) frequency bandwidths were rejected in the UWB planar antenna composed from a single layer conductor element. Frequency bandwidths for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT are allocated at 3.3~3.7, 5~6 and 7.4~8.4GHz, respectively. Conductor element etching method was used as the means to realize the band notch characteristics as it was considered convenient and simple. Two slits were etched on the ground plane while on the elliptical element, a single slit. The slits were designed for simplicity in the means of achieving the desired band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna design was compact and low profile. The antenna performances were compared with the reference antenna and the results were negligible

Novel Dual Band Frequency Selective Surface and its Applications on the Gain Improvements of Compact UWB Monopole Antenna

In this work, a highly directional ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna as a single-element is suggested. The proposed antenna’s gain is enhanced with a novel dual-band frequency selective surface (FSS) placed beneath it. The FSS design has a hexagonal structure with meander line inductances and a capacitance-like structure connecting all of the corners to the middle. There is no metallic layer on the other side of the substrate, which shows transmission zeros at 4.95 GHz and 12.7 GHz, and a modified U-shaped monopole antenna is developed. First, the performance characteristics of the antenna and FSS are analyzed from the simulation results, and they are validated experimentally after fabrication, followed by measurement. The compact configuration comprises an antenna loaded with the proposed FSS results S11 less than -10 dB from 3.15 GHz to 22.65 GHz, covering the UWB band together with the X, Ku-band with a bandwidth of 19.5 GHz (151.16% FBW). The antenna’s overall physical dimensions would be 38.8 mm×38.8 mm×25.2 mm (0.407λo×0.407λo×0.265λo), with λo denoting the lowest frequency’s free-space wavelength. The FSS loading results in a 9.9 dBi maximum gain at 10 GHz. The antenna’s small size increases bandwidth, and its high peak gain makes it ideal for use in real-time applications

Ultra Wideband

Ultra wideband (UWB) has advanced and merged as a technology, and many more people are aware of the potential for this exciting technology. The current UWB field is changing rapidly with new techniques and ideas where several issues are involved in developing the systems. Among UWB system design, the UWB RF transceiver and UWB antenna are the key components. Recently, a considerable amount of researches has been devoted to the development of the UWB RF transceiver and antenna for its enabling high data transmission rates and low power consumption. Our book attempts to present current and emerging trends in-research and development of UWB systems as well as future expectations

Improvement in the Gain of UWB Antenna for GPR Applications by Using Frequency-Selective Surface

In this article, high-gain ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna is presented. e UWB monopole antenna is a semicircular- shaped antenna with a semicircular slot at the top side. e bottom plane consists of partial ground with triangular and rectangular slotted structures to improve the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna. In order to enhance gain, a 6 × 6 metallic reector (FSS) is placed below the antenna. e performance of the oered design is validated experimentally. e simulated results show resemblance with the measured results. e antenna resonates for the UWB ranging from 3 to 11 GHz. Moreover, the integration of FSS improves the average gain by 4 dB, where peak gain obtained is 8.3 dB across the UWB. In addition, the reported unit cell having dimension of 0.11lambda × 0.11lambda gives wide bandwidth (7.2 GHz) from 3.3 GHz to 10.5 GHz. e performance of the proposed antenna determines its suitability for the modern day wireless UWB and GPR applications.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538

Miniaturized Microwave Devices and Antennas for Wearable, Implantable and Wireless Applications

This thesis presents a number of microwave devices and antennas that maintain high operational efficiency and are compact in size at the same time. One goal of this thesis is to address several miniaturization challenges of antennas and microwave components by using the theoretical principles of metamaterials, Metasurface coupling resonators and stacked radiators, in combination with the elementary antenna and transmission line theory. While innovating novel solutions, standards and specifications of next generation wireless and bio-medical applications were considered to ensure advancement in the respective scientific fields. Compact reconfigurable phase-shifter and a microwave cross-over based on negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) materialist unit cells is presented. A Metasurface based wearable sensor architecture is proposed, containing an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure backed monopole antenna for off-body communication and a fork shaped antenna for efficient radiation towards the human body. A fully parametrized solution for an implantable antenna is proposed using metallic coated stacked substrate layers. Challenges and possible solutions for off-body, on-body, through-body and across-body communication have been investigated with an aid of computationally extensive simulations and experimental verification. Next, miniaturization and implementation of a UWB antenna along with an analytical model to predict the resonance is presented. Lastly, several miniaturized rectifiers designed specifically for efficient wireless power transfer are proposed, experimentally verified, and discussed. The study answered several research questions of applied electromagnetic in the field of bio-medicine and wireless communication.Comment: A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph

A parasitic patch loaded staircase shaped UWB MIMO antenna having notch band for WBAN applications

A staircase-shaped quasi-fractal antenna is presented to meet the requirements of compact electronics operating in UWB or E-UWB spectrum. A conventional broadband monopole antenna is converted into UWB antenna utilizing three iterations of fractal patches. The resultant antenna offers wide impedance bandwidth ranges 2.3–17.8 GHz, having a notch band at 6.1–7.2 GHz. Afterwards, a two-port MIMO antenna is created by placing the second element orthogonally with an edge-to-edge distance of 8.5 mm, that is λ/15 where λ corresponds to free space wavelength at the lowest cut-off frequency. Hereafter, a meandered line-shaped stub is inserted to reduce the mutual coupling between closely spaced MIMO elements to less than −25 dB. As the intended application of the proposed work is On-body, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses are carried out at 2.4, 5.8 and 8 GHz, showing an acceptable range for both 1-g and 10-g averaged tissues standards. Moreover, various parameters of the MIMO antenna are studied, and a comparison is made between simulated and measured results as well as those of the state of the art