Aesthetically Designed Maps: Development and Perception

This research explored the creative element of subway map creation in light of its effectiveness. Printed subway maps, used often for metropolitan cities and areas, are limited in physical dimension and scale, carrying minimal information. The New York, San Francisco Bay Area, Tokyo, Paris, London and Moscow subway maps highlight similar design and abstraction that fulfill the basic necessary elements for subway patrons. Over the years since the first metro map for each city was created, maps have become more simplified by removing physical land features and reference points to make way for expanding and new subway lines, stations, and transfer points. Thus, subway maps are more aligned with diagrams that are more wayshowing than wayfinding as a response to network expansion and a growing urban population. From inception to print, modern subway map development has reduced spatial representation of reality, possibly affecting subway patron map readability. Through focus on how design elements of subway maps have altered effective perception of map comprehension, future designers will alter how to effectively communicate visually to create a user-oriented experience

What is Specific about Art/Cultural Projects?

The present issue focuses on the contribution made by art/cultural initiatives to the development of multiple identity in some of the European cities having in mind the subjectivity of the artists and plurality of the surrounding cultures. The art/cultural projects (AES- Russia, Europe Art Train – Holland, Life Station – Austria and some others) with intercultural dimension have a special character to offer because: they are dealing with meaning, and enable dialogue between people in different social groups. The examples will be taken from different European countries, which aim to reinterpret the reality of life, to show, answer, and question its contradictions. The attention will be focused on their political, educational and aesthetic contribution to the community construction having in mind their desire for new intercultural policy and practices. Every artist crosses borders daily but those who choose to cross cultural borders (language, expression, music, tradition) enter into a fertile, but dangerous field. Artists do not aim specifically to produce multicultural work but since they are living in specific time, and since art is rooted in real life, the realities of everyday life are transposed into their work. This paper is fundamentally interested in the role that art projects can play in a modern society and promotes the initiative that links an artistic dimension to a form of interactive social urban situation. All projects are representing ‘laboratories’ that use public spaces. It is more than obvious that the social and the economic fields are not separated from the cultural one beside the tendency that is putting them in opposition as artists and the world rather than artists in the world. In the last two decades, the world of the arts has economised rapidly. Increasingly, artists have turned the economy into a subject of their own work. Art/cultural projects engage people’s creativity, and so lead to problem-solving. They encourage questioning, and the imagination of possible future actions. They offer self-expression, which is an essential characteristic of the active citizen. Some experiences from the art/cultural field are shifting attention towards the people themselves: their imagination, motivation, demands, fantasies and only then the city is becoming a cultural product, a community construction.Intercultural actions, Policy agenda, Art/cultural projects, Networking aspects

A Colonel Blotto Game for Interdependence-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems Security in Smart Cities

Smart cities must integrate a number of interdependent cyber-physical systems that operate in a coordinated manner to improve the well-being of the city's residents. A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of computational elements controlling physical entities. Large-scale CPSs are more vulnerable to attacks due to the cyber-physical interdependencies that can lead to cascading failures which can have a significant detrimental effect on a city. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for analyzing the problem of allocating security resources, such as firewalls and anti-malware, over the various cyber components of an interdependent CPS to protect the system against imminent attacks. The problem is formulated as a Colonel Blotto game in which the attacker seeks to allocate its resources to compromise the CPS, while the defender chooses how to distribute its resources to defend against potential attacks. To evaluate the effects of defense and attack, various CPS factors are considered including human-CPS interactions as well as physical and topological characteristics of a CPS such as flow and capacity of interconnections and minimum path algorithms. Results show that, for the case in which the attacker is not aware of the CPS interdependencies, the defender can have a higher payoff, compared to the case in which the attacker has complete information. The results also show that, in the case of more symmetric nodes, due to interdependencies, the defender achieves its highest payoff at the equilibrium compared to the case with independent, asymmetric nodes

Orientación sobre salud y seguridad en el trabajo. Diseño de sistemas de seguridad y extinción de incendios en redes de transporte ferroviario urbano

In this paper, considering the importance and safety status of urban train systems, we study and assess the urban management requirements and requirements for equipping the inner city network using the results of “cost-benefit” techniques in order to analyze the methods Fire control and fire, as well as the use of fire safety systems in the urban train network. On the other hand, the development of tools for measuring and comparing the effectiveness of fire prevention and fire prevention measures in various rail transportation systems, which are very useful in various safety engineering methods in the design of mass transportation systems such as LRT or tram. And can be effective in analyzing the fire safety of its systems.En este documento, considerando la importancia y el estado de seguridad de los sistemas de trenes urbanos, estudiamos y evaluamos los requisitos de gestión urbana y los requisitos para equipar la red de la ciudad utilizando los resultados de las técnicas de “costo-beneficio” para analizar los métodos de control de incendios y de incendios, así como el uso de sistemas de seguridad contra incendios en la red de trenes urbanos. Por otro lado, el desarrollo de herramientas para medir y comparar la efectividad de las medidas de prevención y prevención de incendios en varios sistemas de transporte ferroviario, que son muy útiles en diversos métodos de ingeniería de seguridad en el diseño de sistemas de transporte masivo como LRT o tranvía. Y puede ser eficaz en el análisis de la seguridad contra incendios de sus sistemas

FLOWS OF SOUND “Harnessing Sound As Critical Urban Resources”

Transportation infrastructure serves as a vital component essential for the efficient functioning of any city. Originally, the design of transportation arterial systems aimed to improve communication and facilitate movement between different regions. Whether catering to passenger or freight transportation, these arterial routes were designed to efficiently transport large volumes of people and goods, utilizing the rapid movement of vehicles within designated spatial corridors. Undoubtedly, transportation plays a significant role in promoting the physical and economic growth of cities. However, it is crucial to recognize that this very infrastructure can also lead to the fragmentation and isolation of communities situated along these arterials. Consequently, this fragmentation diminishes the vibrancy and vitality of the spaces along these routes, creating an imbalance in community development. Exploring effective strategies to reconnect fragmented community spaces and revitalize the surrounding land emerges as a topic of utmost importance, demanding comprehensive study. In my view, the task of reconnecting disconnected community spaces and making effective use of linear spaces requires innovative interventions. I perceive sound as an invisible energy that holds the potential to revitalize spatially inactive community areas. By harnessing the power of sound, we can breathe new life into these spaces and enhance their overall vibrancy

Product Service Systems and Sustainability: Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions

Given that the concept of PSS is beginning to 'catch on' and gain attention, it is time for UNEP to contribute to, and influence the progress of PSS, to ensure that in concept and application it incorporates the idea of sustainability. In this context its potential is not generally understood by the public and private sectors or civil society. This booklet is intended to contribute to the dissemination and the discussion of the PSS concept as a promising approach to sustainability. The ultimate goal must be to achieve Sustainable Product-Service Systems. This UNEP publication is targeted at industry and government, academia and civil society to explain PSS – their potential benefits and limitations – in the sustainability context – using real company examples. To prepare this booklet, UNEP has drawn on the knowledge and experience of PSS experts to flesh out the concept of a sustainable PSS, to collect case studies of PSS in practice, to begin to document both its benefits and the hurdles which need to be overcome in its application, and to suggest ways forward in its development

Through the clouds : urban analytics for smart cities

Data has been collected since mankind, but in the recent years the technical innovations enable us to collect exponentially growing amounts of data through the use of sensors, smart devices and other sources. In her lecture Nanda will explore the role of Big Data in urban environments. She will give an introduction to the world of Big Data and Smart Cities, and an assessment of the role that data analytics plays in the current state of the digital transformation in our cities. Examples are given in the field of energy and mobility