Critical Analysis of Decision Making Experience with a Machine Learning Approach in Playing Ayo Game

The major goal in defining and examining game scenarios is to find good strategies as solutions to the game. A plausible solution is a recommendation to the players on how to play the game, which is represented as strategies guided by the various choices available to the players. These choices invariably compel the players (decision makers) to execute an action following some conscious tactics. In this paper, we proposed a refinement-based heuristic as a machine learning technique for human-like decision making in playing Ayo game. The result showed that our machine learning technique is more adaptable and more responsive in making decision than human intelligence. The technique has the advantage that a search is astutely conducted in a shallow horizon game tree. Our simulation was tested against Awale shareware and an appealing result was obtained

Inversion Structures: some puzzles of reconstruction

Inversion structures present a singular problem: arguments and sentential operators of the inverted phrase seem to c-command “out of” the phrase into the sentence remnant. This phenomenon is often referred to as “connectedness”. This paper points out that the class of inversion structures that exhibit connectedness is larger than just “inverse” copular sentences and pseudoclefts; it includes experiencer predicates with “extraposed” clausal theme arguments and also SOV language sentences with post-verbal elements. It then examines some of the solutions proposed for connectedness, in particular a solution in terms of an ι-reduction rule proposed by Heycock & Kroch (1999). It notes a hitherto-unnoticed problem with the last mentioned solution, namely that the rule works only when the variable of the pseudocleft is at the lower end of the clefted phrase. The paper then suggests that the interpretive mechanism of LF is in fact extremely simple: it appends (by adjunction) the sentence remnant at the bottom of the inverted phrase. This solution yields the correct results for all the inversion data

Block methods for direct solution of higher order ordinary differential equations using interpolation and collocation approach

Countless problems in real life situations involve rates of change of one or more independent variables. These rates of change can be expressed in terms of derivatives which lead to differential equations. Conventionally, initial value problems of higher order ordinary differential equations are solved by first reducing the equations to their equivalent systems of first order ordinary differential equations. Then, suitable existing numerical methods for first order ordinary differential equations will be employed to solve the resulting equations. However, this approach will enlarge the equations and thus increases computational burden which may jeopardise the accuracy of the solution. In overcoming the setbacks, direct methods were proposed. Disappointedly, most of the existing direct methods approximate the numerical solution at one point at a time. Block methods were then introduced with the aim of approximating numerical solutions at many points concurrently. Several new block methods using interpolation and collocation approach for solving initial value problems of higher order ordinary differential equations directly were developed in this study to increase the accuracy of the solution. In developing these methods, a power series was used as an approximate solution to the problems of ordinary differential equations of order d. The power series was interpolated at d points before the last two points while its highest derivative was collocated at all grid points in deriving the new block methods. In addition, the properties of the new methods such as order, error constant, zerostability, consistency, convergence and region of absolute stability were also investigated. The developed methods were then applied to solve several initial value problems of higher order ordinary differential equations. The numerical results indicated that the new methods produced better accuracy than the existing methods when solving the same problems. Therefore, this study has successfully produced new methods for solving initial value problems of higher order ordinary differential equations

An Understanding of Socially-Constructed Knowledge in the Context of Traditional Game-Playing as Theorems-in-Action

In this article the authors describe data from an ethnographical study about the playing of Uril, a mancala-type game played in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde.  They interpret observed game strategies as theorems-in-actions, constructed socially and throughout a long period of time, influenced by socially shared norms and beliefs, as well as by knowledge construction at the individual level.  The authors also use knowledge obtained from a computer-generated database to explore a sequence of game moves observed ethnographically, verifying its robustness and the necessary conditions that make it a winning strategy.  The authors use evidence from ethnographical data to argue that those necessary conditions are tacitly assumed by the players observed

Iterative approach to arbitrary nonlinear optical response functions of graphene

Two-dimensional materials constitute an exciting platform for nonlinear optics with large nonlinearities that are tunable by gating. Hence, gate-tunable harmonic generation and intensity-dependent refraction have been observed in e.g. graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides, whose electronic structures are accurately modelled by the (massive) Dirac equation. We exploit on the simplicity of this model and demonstrate here that arbitrary nonlinear response functions follow from a simple iterative approach. The power of this approach is illustrated by analytical expressions for harmonic generation and intensity-dependent refraction, both computed up to ninth order in the pump field. Moreover, the results allow for arbitrary band gaps and gating potentials. As illustrative applications, we consider (i) gate-dependence of third- and fifth-harmonic generation in gapped and gapless graphene, (ii) intensity-dependent refractive index of graphene up to ninth order, and (iii) intensity-dependence of high-harmonic generation.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Supplemental material: 6 pages, 2 figure

An Understanding of Socially-Constructed Knowledge in the Context of Traditional Game-Playing as Theorems-in-Action

In this article the authors describe data from an ethnographical study about the playing of Uril, a mancala-type game played in the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde.  They interpret observed game strategies as theorems-in-actions, constructed socially and throughout a long period of time, influenced by socially shared norms and beliefs, as well as by knowledge construction at the individual level.  The authors also use knowledge obtained from a computer-generated database to explore a sequence of game moves observed ethnographically, verifying its robustness and the necessary conditions that make it a winning strategy.  The authors use evidence from ethnographical data to argue that those necessary conditions are tacitly assumed by the players observed

Skin effect as a probe of transport regimes in Weyl semimetals

We study the propagation of an oscillatory electromagnetic field inside a Weyl semimetal. In conventional conductors, the motion of the charge carriers in the skin layer near the surface can be diffusive, ballistic, or hydrodynamic. We show that the presence of chiral anomalies, intrinsic to the massless Weyl particles, leads to a hitherto neglected nonlocal regime that can separate the normal and viscous skin effects. We propose to use this regime as a diagnostic of the presence of chiral anomalies in optical conductivity measurements. These results are obtained from a generalized kinetic theory that includes various relaxation mechanisms, allowing us to investigate different transport regimes of Weyl semimetals

Inertial dynamics and equilibrium correlation functions of magnetization at short times

The method of moments is developed and employed to analyze the equilibrium correlation functions of the magnetization of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in the case of inertial magnetization dynamics. The method is based on the Taylor series expansion of the correlation functions and the estimation of the expansion coefficients. This method significantly reduces the complexity of analysis of equilibrium correlation functions. Analytical expressions are derived for the first three coefficients for the longitudinal and transverse correlation functions for the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with a longitudinal magnetic field. The limiting cases of very strong and negligibly weak external longitudinal fields are considered. The Gordon sum rule for inertial magnetization dynamics is discussed. In addition, we show that finite analytic series can be used as a simple and satisfactory approximation for the numerical calculation of correlation functions at short times

A History of Social Conflict and Conflict Management in Nigeria: A Case Study of Anglican Churches in Ukwuaniland, Delta State, Nigeria (1900-1941).

The item one on the theological debate in African Christianity would appear to be dealing with this problem of African identity. The theoretical framework employed in this study is the “Psycho-Cultural Conflict” theory which emphasizes the role of culturally induced conflict based on the fears that individuals and groups experience which force them to see threats, whether real or imagined, and to suspect the motives of others around them (Lake and Rothschild 1996). This was the case in ?kw?ànìland during the modern missionary period that necessitated a series of social conflicts between Anglicanism and ‘?kw?ànìsm’. Hence, using the case study and the historical approaches to the study of religion, this chapter is concerned about the patterns of social conflicts in an indigenous community. While identifying the stake-holders, their interests, and the attempts made to address these social issues, the study reveals that some of the social conflicts have been resolved under various conditions and that some of them that have defiled solutions are still on; each with historical lessons that may be learnt from them. This study concludes by study concludes by stating that in a peoples’ struggle for cultural identity there is the need to employ bargaining and exchange as a means of conflict resolution of which the past speaks to the present. Anglican Churches in ?kw?ànìland should take seriously the socio-cultural aspirations of the indigenes