34 research outputs found
Applied Evaluative Informetrics: Part 1
This manuscript is a preprint version of Part 1 (General Introduction and
Synopsis) of the book Applied Evaluative Informetrics, to be published by
Springer in the summer of 2017. This book presents an introduction to the field
of applied evaluative informetrics, and is written for interested scholars and
students from all domains of science and scholarship. It sketches the field's
history, recent achievements, and its potential and limits. It explains the
notion of multi-dimensional research performance, and discusses the pros and
cons of 28 citation-, patent-, reputation- and altmetrics-based indicators. In
addition, it presents quantitative research assessment as an evaluation
science, and focuses on the role of extra-informetric factors in the
development of indicators, and on the policy context of their application. It
also discusses the way forward, both for users and for developers of
informetric tools.Comment: The posted version is a preprint (author copy) of Part 1 (General
Introduction and Synopsis) of a book entitled Applied Evaluative
Bibliometrics, to be published by Springer in the summer of 201
Infometrics : history ans trends
Numa releitura da história das metrias da informação em todas suas variantes, o presente Capítulo resgata a contribuição de numerosos pesquisadores da Ïndia, bem
como da Europa Oriental e da antiga União Soviética, estes últimos notadamente no domínio da cientometria. O Interesse pelos estudos infométricos no Brasil, e mais
particularmente pela bibliometria, nos anos 70-80 do passado século, experimentou posteriormente um declínio significativo, para renascer com nova pujança nos
últimos anos, emnumerosas aplicações. A intenção deste longo Capítulo é mostrar, com o auxílio de exemplos concretos, a variedade de aplicações das metrias da
informação e, o que é mais importante, ―como fazer‖. Sob uma variedade de nomes – bibliometria, infometria, cientometria, webmetria, etc. – as técnicas infométricas
abrem à ciência da informação um brilhante leque de aplicações nos procesos informacionais de representação, organização, gestão, recuperação, planejamento,
inferência, tomada de decisão, competitividade, inovação, e todos os desdobramentos políticos, sociais, econômicos, educativos e culturais.In a new reading of the history of infometrics in its whole variety, this Capter uncovers the contribution of a number of Indian, as well as East-European and Russian
researchers, the last ones mainly in the domain of scientometrics. The interest, in Brazil, on infometrics, and more precisely in bibliometrics, in the decades of the s
seventies and eighties of the last century suffered later on a significant decrease by a recent and strong revival in numerous issues. Special attention is paid in this lon
Chapter to show, with the support of numerous examples, to the diversity of infometrics uses and, more important, to ―how to do it‖.Under a variety of names –
bibliometrics, infometrics, scientometrics, webmetrics, and so one – infometrics opens a wide and briklliant diversity of actual applications in information recording,
organizining, managing, processing, retrieving, forecasting, innovating, decision-making, as well as founding social, economic, cuktural and educationa policies
MBL Annual Report 2003
Annual report of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. 2003. Includes lists of students, faculty, and researchers.Publication
Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication
Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call.
This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact
Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication
Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published The need for a theory of citing - a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact
Theories of Informetrics and Scholarly Communication
Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call.
This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact
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Fantastic Extrapolations: An Exploratory Bibliometric Investigation into the Historic Development of English-Language Fantasy and Science Fiction Scholarship Through Fifty Years of Extrapolation
There are relatively few bibliometric or citation analysis historical studies of the scholarly literature of arts or humanities fields as compared with the science, technical, medical, or social science disciplines; many studies focus on the journal literature and use the formal works cited reference lists as captured by citation indexes as the basis for their conclusions. This study looks at aspects of the scholarship of the literary and media-based popular culture field of fantasy and science fiction (F&SF; aka: fantastic, fantastika) studies through the first 50 years of Extrapolation (December 1959-Fall 2009), the oldest continuing scholarly journal in the field, in three areas: -- History and editorial purpose, types of contributions, and recognition by general-, literature-, and F&SF-focused indexing services; -- Analyses of the 785 scholars published in the journal, by gender, co-authorship, affiliation and status (geographical, institutional, ranks, disciplines, awards), their referencing practices, and identification of the 55 most frequently published scholars; and, -- Analyses of more than 15,000 references given to 2,035 primary (creative) authors and more than 8,000 individual creative works, including collaboratively authored media, religious, and other titles, by gender and national affiliation, and by types of works. publication sources, language, and ages/dates, as found in 937 articles by 656 different authors. The primary references analyzed come not only from the traditional bibliometric locations in Works Cited lists, but also from Notes, and the references found in the rarely if ever studied informal locations (implicit citations), primarily within the text of the articles. The most frequently referenced primary authors and works are identified: 118 authors (20-563 references), beginning with Ursula K. Le Guin (563 references; 105 different works), Robert A. Heinlein (519; 90), and H. G. Wells (328; 52); 182 primary (creative) works (10-191 references), starting with Star Trek: The Original Series (191 references), Star Trek: The Next Generation (106), George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (77), Wells’ The Time Machine (73), and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (71). This study should interest historians of arts and humanities scholarship, F&SF scholars, and librarians and archivists responsible for collection development and collections management in the areas of literature and media
Internationalisation dynamics in contemporary South American life sciences: the case of zebrafish
We tend to assume that science is inherently international. Geographical boundaries
are not a matter of concern in science, and when they do – e.g. due to the rise of
nationalist or populist movements – they are thought to constitute a threat to the
essence of the scientific enterprise; namely, the global mobility of ideas, knowledge
and researchers. Quite recently, we also started to consider that research could
become ‘more international’ under the assumption that in doing so it becomes better,
i.e. more collaborative, innovative, dynamic, and of greater quality. Such a positive
conceptualisation of internationalisation, however, rests on interpretations coming
almost exclusively from the Global North that systematically ignore power dynamics
in scientific practice and that regard scientific internationalisation as an unproblematic
transformative process and as a desired outcome.
In Science and Technology Studies (STS), social research on model
organisms is perhaps the clearest example of the influence of the dominant vision of
internationalisation. This body of literature tends to describe model organism science
and their research communities as uniform and harmonious international ecosystems
governed by a strong collaborative ethos of sharing specimens, knowledge and
resources. But beyond these unproblematic descriptions, how does
internationalisation actually transform research on life? To what extent do the power
dynamics of internationalisation intervene in contemporary practices of knowledge
production and diffusion in this field of research?
This thesis revisits the dynamics and practices of scientific internationalisation
in contemporary science from the perspective of South American life sciences. It takes
the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small tropic freshwater fish, originally from the Ganges
region in India and quite popular in pet shops, as a case study of how complex
dynamics of internationalisation intervene in science. While zebrafish research has
experienced a remarkable growth in recent years at the global scale, in South America
its growth has been unprecedented, allowing average laboratories, which often
operate with small budgets and with less well-developed science infrastructures, to
conduct world-class research.
My approach is based on a consideration of internationalisation as a
conceptual model of change. I consider internationalisation to be a process essentially
marked by tensions in the spatial, cognitive and evaluative dimensions of scientific
practice. These tensions, I claim, are not just a key feature of internationalisation, but
also aspects of a conceptual opposition that is geared towards explaining how change
comes about in science. By studying the dynamics of internationalisation, I seek to
understand various transformations of zebrafish research: from its construction as a
research artefact to its diffusion across geographical boundaries. My focus on South
America, on the other hand, helps me to understand the complexity of such dynamics
beyond the lenses of the dominant discourse of internationalisation that prevails in
the STS literature on model organisms. I use mixed-methods (i.e. semi-structured
interviews, document analysis, bibliometrics and social network analysis) to observe
and interpret transformations of internationalisation at different scales and levels.
My analysis suggests first, that internationalisation played an important role in
the construction of the zebrafish as a model organism and that, in the infrastructures
and practices of resource exchange that sustain the scientific value of the organism
internationally, dynamics of asymmetry and empowerment problematise the
collaborative ethos of this community. Second, I found that collaborative networks –
measured through co-authorships – also played an important role in the diffusion of
zebrafish as a model organism in South America. However, I did not find a clear
indication of international dependency in the diffusion of zebrafish, explained by a
geographical concentration of scientific expertise in the zebrafish collaboration
network. Rather than exposing peripheral researchers to novel ideas, networks of
international collaboration seem to be more related to access to privileged material
infrastructures resulting from the social organisation of scientific labour worldwide.
Lastly, by examining practices of biological data curation and researchers’
international mobility trajectories, I describe how dynamics of internationalisation
shape the notion of research excellence in model organism science. In this case, I
found mobility trajectories to play a key role in boosting researchers’ contributions to
the community’s database, especially among researchers from peripheral
communities like South America. Overall, while these findings show the value of
considering internationalisation as a conceptual model of change in science, more
research is needed on the intervention of complex dynamics of internationalisation in
other cases and fields of research