Steppingstones or stopping points? An analysis of three blended higher education programs available to Syrian refugee youths in Jordan through a revisited 4As framework for the right to education.

This literature-based study explores the online and blended higher education programs currently on offer to Syrian youths in Jordan. It analyzes three specific programs through a revisited 4As framework for the right to education, as well as the theoretical paradoxes underlying technology-enabled and refugee-oriented higher education programs and impeding their realization of the right to (higher) education of Syrian refugees. Firstly, the study will explore the availability of the right to higher education of Syrian refugees in Jordan by outlining all the (uncovered) ICT-enabled programs offered. Secondly, the study will analyze three specific programs through a revisited 4As’ framework for the right to education (availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability). Lastly, the study will explore three main paradoxes underlying these programs and hindering the fulfilment of these criteria. Adopting a rights-based critical approach, this thesis demonstrates that these ICT-enabled programs (re)produce barriers to accessing their programs, create unattainable outcomes, and misrecognize the contextual challenges of refugees, thereby exacerbating feelings of frustration, uncertainty, and hopelessness. Ultimately, this study hopes to demonstrate that these programs, while paving the way for addressing the immense refugee higher education gap, produce a promise for change that cannot be actualized given structural limitations on refugees’ lives and futures

Development of a methodology for classifying software errors

A mathematical formalization of the intuition behind classification of software errors is devised and then extended to a classification discipline: Every classification scheme should have an easily discernible mathematical structure and certain properties of the scheme should be decidable (although whether or not these properties hold is relative to the intended use of the scheme). Classification of errors then becomes an iterative process of generalization from actual errors to terms defining the errors together with adjustment of definitions according to the classification discipline. Alternatively, whenever possible, small scale models may be built to give more substance to the definitions. The classification discipline and the difficulties of definition are illustrated by examples of classification schemes from the literature and a new study of observed errors in published papers of programming methodologies

Regulating the technological actor: how governments tried to transform the technology and the market for cryptography and cryptographic services and the implications for the regulation of information and communications technologies

The formulation, adoption, and transformation of policy involves the interaction of actors as they negotiate, accept, and reject proposals. Traditional studies of policy discourse focus on social actors. By studying cryptography policy discourses, I argue that considering both social and technological actors in detail enriches our understanding of policy discourse. The case-based research looks at the various cryptography policy strategies employed by the governments of the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The research method is qualitative, using hermeneutics to elucidate the various actors’ interpretations. The research aims to understand policy discourse as a contest of principles involving various government actors advocating multiple regulatory mechanisms to maintain their surveillance capabilities, and the reactions of industry actors, non-governmental organisations, parliamentarians, and epistemic communities. I argue that studying socio-technological discourse helps us to understand the complex dynamics involved in regulation and regulatory change. Interests and alignments may be contingent and unstable. As a result, technologies can not be regarded as mere representations of social interests and relationships. By capturing the interpretations and articulations of social and technological actors we may attain a better understanding of the regulatory landscape for information and communications technologies

How bright are the prospects for UK trade and prosperity post-Brexit?

So long as the UK government liberates itself from the protectionist mindset of the European Union and reduces trade barriers after Brexit, and UK businesses respond positively to the challenge of increased international competition (through increased productivity and exports), the prospects for UK trade and prosperity post-Brexit are very bright indeed. The EU itself acknowledges that 90% of future growth in global gross domestic product will be outside the EU. The costs of remaining in the EU are very high and not all purely economic: the EU is no longer a force for global liberalisation. On the basis of both international and EU law, the monetary costs to the UK of leaving the EU should have been fairly low. Similarly, the frictional costs to both the UK and the EU of their post-Brexit trade relationship should also be low. However, as a consequence of both the concessions made by the UK in order to demonstrate its goodwill and the hard line taken by the EU in order to discourage other member states from leaving, these costs could well end up being much higher than they need be for both sides. Of particular concern is the EU’s ‘level playing field’ demand, laid out in the (albeit non- binding) Political Declaration for a future trading relationship. This would effectively prevent the UK from achieving regulatory autonomy or from pursuing an independent trade policy. The Treasury predicts a 7.7% reduction in GDP in the event of ‘no deal’ in which the UK retained the existing Common External Tariff with the rest of the world and also imposed the same tariffs on trade with the EU. However, EU barriers on trade in food and manufactures raise their prices by 20%. If the UK leaves the Customs Union and these barriers are reduced from 20% to 10%, UK GDP would rise by 4%. The cost of meeting the excessive regulatory standards of the Single Market is equivalent to 2% of GDP. If the UK also leaves the Single Market, UK GDP would rise by 6% in total, very similar to the 5.4% increase in GDP following Australia’s trade liberalisation in 1986

Lawrence University Course Catalog, 2022-2023

https://lux.lawrence.edu/coursecatalogs/1020/thumbnail.jp

Strategic planning for aircraft noise route impact analysis: A three dimensional approach

The strategic routing of aircraft through navigable and controlled airspace to minimize adverse noise impact over sensitive areas is critical in the proper management and planning of the U.S. based airport system. A major objective of this phase of research is to identify, inventory, characterize, and analyze the various environmental, land planning, and regulatory data bases, along with potential three dimensional software and hardware systems that can be potentially applied for an impact assessment of any existing or planned air route. There are eight data bases that have to be assembled and developed in order to develop three dimensional aircraft route impact methodology. These data bases which cover geographical information systems, sound metrics, land use, airspace operational control measures, federal regulations and advisories, census data, and environmental attributes have been examined and aggregated. A three dimensional format is necessary for planning, analyzing space and possible noise impact, and formulating potential resolutions. The need to develop this three dimensional approach is essential due to the finite capacity of airspace for managing and planning a route system, including airport facilities. It appears that these data bases can be integrated effectively into a strategic aircraft noise routing system which should be developed as soon as possible, as part of a proactive plan applied to our FAA controlled navigable airspace for the United States

Lawrence University Course Catalog, 2021-2022

https://lux.lawrence.edu/coursecatalogs/1019/thumbnail.jp

Aeronautical engineering. A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 121, April 1980

This bibliography lists 411 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information system in March 1980