An Intelligent Context-Aware Biometrics System Based on Agent Technology

Traditional biometric systems deal with each instance of identification in the same way irrespective of the circumstances in which the biometric samples were captured at different times or for different applications. Our main objective is to enhance the traditional biometric identification process and improve the decision making process. This is by giving biometric systems an intelligent and flexible identification mechanism using agent technology. Our aim is to develop a multiagent based framework to represent a context-aware adaptive biometric system with multimodalities

Predictive biometrics: A review and analysis of predicting personal characteristics from biometric data

Interest in the exploitation of soft biometrics information has continued to develop over the last decade or so. In comparison with traditional biometrics, which focuses principally on person identification, the idea of soft biometrics processing is to study the utilisation of more general information regarding a system user, which is not necessarily unique. There are increasing indications that this type of data will have great value in providing complementary information for user authentication. However, the authors have also seen a growing interest in broadening the predictive capabilities of biometric data, encompassing both easily definable characteristics such as subject age and, most recently, `higher level' characteristics such as emotional or mental states. This study will present a selective review of the predictive capabilities, in the widest sense, of biometric data processing, providing an analysis of the key issues still adequately to be addressed if this concept of predictive biometrics is to be fully exploited in the future

Exploring gender prediction from iris biometrics

Prediction of gender characteristics from iris images has been investigated and some successful results have been reported in the literature, but without considering performance for different iris features and classifiers. This paper investigates for the first time an approach to gender prediction from iris images using different types of features (including a small number of very simple geometric features, texture features and a combination of geometric and texture features) and a more versatile and intelligent classifier structure. Our proposed approaches can achieve gender prediction accuracies of up to 90% in the BioSecure Database

Intelligent interface agents for biometric applications

This thesis investigates the benefits of applying the intelligent agent paradigm to biometric identity verification systems. Multimodal biometric systems, despite their additional complexity, hold the promise of providing a higher degree of accuracy and robustness. Multimodal biometric systems are examined in this work leading to the design and implementation of a novel distributed multi-modal identity verification system based on an intelligent agent framework. User interface design issues are also important in the domain of biometric systems and present an exceptional opportunity for employing adaptive interface agents. Through the use of such interface agents, system performance may be improved, leading to an increase in recognition rates over a non-adaptive system while producing a more robust and agreeable user experience. The investigation of such adaptive systems has been a focus of the work reported in this thesis. The research presented in this thesis is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the design, development and testing of a novel distributed multi-modal authentication system employing intelligent agents is presented. The second part details design and implementation of an adaptive interface layer based on interface agent technology and demonstrates its integration with a commercial fingerprint recognition system. The performance of these systems is then evaluated using databases of biometric samples gathered during the research. The results obtained from the experimental evaluation of the multi-modal system demonstrated a clear improvement in the accuracy of the system compared to a unimodal biometric approach. The adoption of the intelligent agent architecture at the interface level resulted in a system where false reject rates were reduced when compared to a system that did not employ an intelligent interface. The results obtained from both systems clearly express the benefits of combining an intelligent agent framework with a biometric system to provide a more robust and flexible application

Contributions to non-conventional biometric systems : improvements on the fingerprint, facial and handwriting recognition approach

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2021.Os sistemas biométricos são amplamente utilizados pela sociedade. A maioria das aplicações desses sistemas está associada à identificação civil e à investigação criminal. No entanto, com o tempo, o desempenho dos métodos tradicionais de biometria está chegando ao limite. Neste contexto, sistemas biométricos emergentes ou não convencionais estão ganhando importância. Embora promissores, novos sistemas, assim como qualquer nova tecnologia, trazem consigo não apenas potencialidades, mas também fragilidades. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para três importantes sistemas biométricos não convencionais (SBNC): impressão digital, reconhecimento facial e reconhecimento de escrita. No que diz respeito às impressões digitais, este trabalho apresenta um novo método para detectar a vida em dispositivos de impressão digital multivista sem toque, utilizando descritores de textura e redes neurais artificiais. Com relação ao reconhecimento facial, um método de reconhecimento de faces baseado em algoritmos de característica invariante à escala (SIFT e SURF) que opera sem a necessidade de treinamento prévio do classificador e que realiza o rastreamento de indivíduos em ambientes não controlados é apresentado. Finalmente, um método de baixo custo que usa sinais de acelerômetro e giroscópio obtidos a partir de um sensor acoplado a canetas convencionais para realizar o reconhecimento em tempo real de assinaturas é apresentado. Resultados mostram que os métodos propostos são promissores e que juntos podem contribuir para o aprimoramento dos SBNCCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).Biometric systems are widely used by society. Most applications are associated with civil identification and criminal investigation. However, over time, traditional methods of performing biometrics have been reaching their limits. In this context, emerging or nonconventional biometric systems (NCBS) are gaining ground. Although promising, new systems, as well as any new technology, bring not only potentialities but also weaknesses. This work presents contributions to three important non-conventional biometric systems: fingerprint, facial, and handwriting recognition. With regard to fingerprints, this work presents a novel method for detecting life on Touchless Multi-view Fingerprint Devices, using Texture Descriptors and Artificial Neural Networks. With regard to face recognition, a facial recognition method is presented, based on Scale Invariant Feature Algorithms (SIFT and SURF), that operates without the need of previous training of a classifier and can be used to track individuals in an unconstrained environment. Finally, a low-cost on-line handwriting signature recognition method that uses accelerometer and gyroscope signals obtained from a sensor coupled to conventional pens to identify individuals in real time is presented. Results show that the proposed methods are promising and that together may contribute to the improvement of the NCB

Agent-based framework for person re-identification

In computer based human object re-identification, a detected human is recognised to a level sufficient to re-identify a tracked person in either a different camera capturing the same individual, often at a different angle, or the same camera at a different time and/or the person approaching the camera at a different angle. Instead of relying on face recognition technology such systems study the clothing of the individuals being monitored and/or objects being carried to establish correspondence and hence re-identify the human object. Unfortunately present human-object re-identification systems consider the entire human object as one connected region in making the decisions about similarity of two objects being matched. This assumption has a major drawback in that when a person is partially occluded, a part of the occluding foreground will be picked up and used in matching. Our research revealed that when a human observer carries out a manual human-object re-identification task, the attention is often taken over by some parts of the human figure/body, more than the others, e.g. face, brightly colour shirt, presence of texture patterns in clothing etc., and occluding parts are ignored. In this thesis, a novel multi-agent based framework is proposed for the design of a human object re-identification system. Initially a HOG based feature extraction is used in a SVM based classification of a human object as a human of a full-body or of half body nature. Subsequently the relative visual significance of the top and the bottom parts of the human, in re-identification is quantified by the analysis of Gray Level Co-occurrence based texture features and colour histograms obtained in the HSV colour space. Accordingly different weights are assigned to the top and bottom of the human body using a novel probabilistic approach. The weights are then used to modify the Hybrid Spatiogram and Covariance Descriptor (HSCD) feature based re-identification algorithm adopted. A significant novelty of the human object re-identification systems proposed in this thesis is the agent based design procedure adopted that separates the use of computer vision algorithms for feature extraction, comparison etc., from the decision making process of re-identification. Multiple agents are assigned to execute different algorithmic tasks and the agents communicate to make the required logical decisions. Detailed experimental results are provided to prove that the proposed multi agent based framework for human object re-identification performs significantly better than the state of-the-art algorithms. Further it is shown that the design flexibilities and scalabilities of the proposed system allows it to be effectively utilised in more complex computer vision based video analytic/forensic tasks often conducted within distributed, multi-camera systems

White Paper 11: Artificial intelligence, robotics & data science

198 p. : 17 cmSIC white paper on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Data Science sketches a preliminary roadmap for addressing current R&D challenges associated with automated and autonomous machines. More than 50 research challenges investigated all over Spain by more than 150 experts within CSIC are presented in eight chapters. Chapter One introduces key concepts and tackles the issue of the integration of knowledge (representation), reasoning and learning in the design of artificial entities. Chapter Two analyses challenges associated with the development of theories –and supporting technologies– for modelling the behaviour of autonomous agents. Specifically, it pays attention to the interplay between elements at micro level (individual autonomous agent interactions) with the macro world (the properties we seek in large and complex societies). While Chapter Three discusses the variety of data science applications currently used in all fields of science, paying particular attention to Machine Learning (ML) techniques, Chapter Four presents current development in various areas of robotics. Chapter Five explores the challenges associated with computational cognitive models. Chapter Six pays attention to the ethical, legal, economic and social challenges coming alongside the development of smart systems. Chapter Seven engages with the problem of the environmental sustainability of deploying intelligent systems at large scale. Finally, Chapter Eight deals with the complexity of ensuring the security, safety, resilience and privacy-protection of smart systems against cyber threats.18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ROBOTICS AND DATA SCIENCE Topic Coordinators Sara Degli Esposti ( IPP-CCHS, CSIC ) and Carles Sierra ( IIIA, CSIC ) 18 CHALLENGE 1 INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE, REASONING AND LEARNING Challenge Coordinators Felip Manyà ( IIIA, CSIC ) and Adrià Colomé ( IRI, CSIC – UPC ) 38 CHALLENGE 2 MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS Challenge Coordinators N. Osman ( IIIA, CSIC ) and D. López ( IFS, CSIC ) 54 CHALLENGE 3 MACHINE LEARNING AND DATA SCIENCE Challenge Coordinators J. J. Ramasco Sukia ( IFISC ) and L. Lloret Iglesias ( IFCA, CSIC ) 80 CHALLENGE 4 INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS Topic Coordinators G. Alenyà ( IRI, CSIC – UPC ) and J. Villagra ( CAR, CSIC ) 100 CHALLENGE 5 COMPUTATIONAL COGNITIVE MODELS Challenge Coordinators M. D. del Castillo ( CAR, CSIC) and M. Schorlemmer ( IIIA, CSIC ) 120 CHALLENGE 6 ETHICAL, LEGAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Challenge Coordinators P. Noriega ( IIIA, CSIC ) and T. Ausín ( IFS, CSIC ) 142 CHALLENGE 7 LOW-POWER SUSTAINABLE HARDWARE FOR AI Challenge Coordinators T. Serrano ( IMSE-CNM, CSIC – US ) and A. Oyanguren ( IFIC, CSIC - UV ) 160 CHALLENGE 8 SMART CYBERSECURITY Challenge Coordinators D. Arroyo Guardeño ( ITEFI, CSIC ) and P. Brox Jiménez ( IMSE-CNM, CSIC – US )Peer reviewe