Cities, The Sharing Economy and What's Next

This report seeks to provide an analysis of what is currently happening in American cities so that city leaders may better understand, encourage and regulate the growing sharing economy. Interviews were conducted with city officials on the impact of the sharing economy and related topics, and the report centers around five key themes: innovation, economic development, equity, safety and implementation.The sharing economy is also commonly referred to as collaborative consumption, the collaborative economy, or the peer-to-peer economy. This term refers to business models that enable providers and consumers to share resources and services, from housing to vehicles and more. These business models typically take the form of an online and/or application-based platform for business transactions

Game analysis of the knowledge sharing mechanism for the supply chain collaborative innovation

Purpose: In information economy era, innovation is the key to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The traditional way of enterprise innovation is outdated and supply chain collaborative innovation has becoming popular. This paper aims to analyze the mechanism of knowledge sharing between enterprises in supply chain collaborative innovation. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes the supply chain members’ willingness to share knowledge by using the game theory. The result of knowledge sharing between two companies is analyzed by using the evolutionary game. Findings: We broke the knowledge sharing process in supply chain collaborative innovation into knowledge mining and knowledge transferring. We got the best knowledge sharing strategy of each supply chain member. We gave the influencing factors of knowledge sharing between members for the knowledge sharing mechanisms in supply chain collaborative innovation. Research limitations/implications: We didn’t study the willingness of more than two supply chain members to share knowledge and the result of knowledge sharing between them. And this situation is more realistic. Practical implications: Our findings can help to improve the effect of knowledge sharing in supply chain collaborative innovation.Originality/value: The paper introduces the game theory to knowledge sharing between members in supply chain collaborative innovation, deepens the understanding of knowledge sharing in supply chain collaborative innovation, and gives some interesting findings.Peer Reviewe

The Sharing Economy in Europe: Developments, Practices, and Contradictions

This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science

The Sharing Economy in Europe

This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science

Understanding Japan’s Sharing Economy: National System of Innovation and Institutional Work Perspectives

In recent years, the rise of so-called the Sharing Economy and collaborative consumption (CC) has caught our eye. The emergence of ‘the Sharing Economy’ has brought people plenty of conveniences to use under-utilised inventory through fee-based sharing collaboratively. It is widely believed that Japan's sharing economy is relatively small in comparison to other major economies, with platforms like Uber and Airbnb having a limited presence in Japan compared to their popularity in the US, Europe, and China. The Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications also states that the size of Japan’s Sharing Economy is relatively small compared to the USA, China, Germany, India, the UK, and Korea. This research addresses this puzzle by seeking answers to why Japan’s Sharing Economy has evolved relatively slowly, and why it remains small, especially compared with many other developed and even some developing countries. As there is no existing theory to explain the lag of Japan’s Sharing Economy, this research takes a macro perspective, theoretically informed by the national system of innovation (NSI) literature that has won recognition in explaining innovation processes and specific innovation patterns of countries. The Sharing Economy has been regarded as a new form of progress innovation that creates a new way for people to access goods and services. This research adds a meso-layer analysis, by adopting the institutional work framework to understand the dynamic development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. As there is scarce literature about Japan’s Sharing Economy, an exploratory approach was chosen for this thesis. By adopting qualitative methods, this original study identifies and examines the different factors that can explain the relatively slow development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. This study found that Japan’s National System of Innovation overall does not drive the development of Japan’s Sharing Economy. Adopting the institutional work lens, we can see that efforts have been made by actors that intend to promote Japan's Sharing Economy. However, their institutional work is not yet influential enough to fundamentally encourage the development of Japan's Sharing Economy. This research contributes to the Sharing Economy’s theoretical foundation, tests the national innovation system in this new form of innovation, and proposes a two-layer macro/meso perspective to look into the Sharing Economy

Sweden: A City-Centric Sharing Economy Built on Trust

This chapter reports on Sweden as an active and critical player within the European sharing economy. With a key focus on cities, Sweden has launched a national program, “Sharing Cities Sweden”—a strategic innovation program for smart and sustainable cities with an allocated budget of 12 million EUR over four years. The objectives of the program are to develop world-leading test-beds for the sharing economy in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, and Umeå, as well as develop a national node to significantly improve national and international cooperation and promote an exchange of experience on sharing cities. In the following pages, the sharing economy in Sweden is outlined, first, through exploring the definitions adopted by various actors and key questions to be addressed, and second, with the help of examples of existing collaborative economy platforms. The report concludes with a discussion on the collaborative economy in a Swedish context, forthcoming developments in the sector, and the associated issues and challenges

The Sharing Economy in Europe

This open access book considers the development of the sharing and collaborative economy with a European focus, mapping across economic sectors, and country-specific case studies. It looks at the roles the sharing economy plays in sharing and redistribution of goods and services across the population in order to maximise their functionality, monetary exchange, and other aspects important to societies. It also looks at the place of the sharing economy among various policies and how the contexts of public policies, legislation, digital platforms, and other infrastructure interrelate with the development and function of the sharing economy. The book will help in understanding the future (sharing) economy models as well as to contribute in solving questions of better access to resources and sustainable innovation in the context of degrowth and growing inequalities within and between societies. It will also provide a useful source for solutions to the big challenges of our times such as climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and recently the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This book will be of interest to academics and students in economics and business, organisational studies, sociology, media and communication and computer science

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Socioeconomic Dimensions of Shared Accommodations: The Case of AIRBNB in Los Angeles, California

In recent years, disruptive innovation by peer-to-peer platforms in a variety of industries, notably transportation and hospitality have altered the way individuals consume everyday essential services. With growth in sharing economy platforms such as Uber for ridesharing and Airbnb for short-term accommodations, interest in examining spatiotemporal patterns of participation in the sharing economy by suppliers and consumers is increasing. This research is motivated by key questions: who are the sharing economy workers, where are they located, and does their location influence their participation in the sharing economy? This paper is the first systematic effort to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of participation by hosts in the shared accommodation-based economy. Using three different kinds of shared accommodations listed in a 3-year period in the popular short-term accommodation platform, Airbnb, we examine spatiotemporal dimensions of host participation in a major U.S. market, Los Angeles CA. The paper also develops a conceptual model by positing associations of demographic, socioeconomic, occupational, and social capital attributes of hosts, along with their attitudes toward trust and greener consumption with hosts’ participation in a shared accommodation market. Results confirm host participation to be influenced by young dependency ratio, the potential of supplemental income, as well as the sustainability potential of collaborative consumption, along with finance, insurance, and real estate occupation, but not so much by trust for our overall study area. These results add new insights to limited prior knowledge about the sharing economy worker and have policy implications

Germany: Co-Creating Cooperative and Sharing Economies

The chapter describes the sharing economy in Germany as a heterogeneous dynamic, combining local trends and histories with economic forms drawing on experiences mainly from across Europe and North America. Increasingly taken into account by policymakers in the regulation of markets and the redesign of innovation governance frameworks, “sharing” as a complex nexus linking the exercise of citizenship to sustainable consumption and informational self-determination in digital societies will continue to drive and frame the creation of value chains. Of particular interest are linkages between sharing economies and the traditions of cooperativism, currently experiencing a renaissance. The latter is key because it shapes the context in which sharing economy initiatives exist and expand—an opening of definitions and narrative of innovation, of value, and of collaborative agency and cooperative management

Framing the collaborative economy - Voices of contestation

Within the context of multiple crises and change, a range of practices discussed under the umbrella term of collaborative (or sharing) economy have been gaining considerable attention. Supporters build an idealistic vision of collaborative societies. Critics have been stripping the concept of its visionary potential, questioning its revolutionary nature. In the study, these debates are brought down to the local level in search for common perceptions among the co-creators of the concept in Vienna, Austria. Towards this aim a Q study is conducted, i.e. a mixed method enabling analyses of subjective perceptions on socially contested topics. Four framings are identified: Visionary Supporters, Market Optimists, Visionary Critics, and Skeptics, each bringing their values, visions, and practical goals characteristic of different understanding of the collaborative economy. The study questions the need for building a globally-applicable definition of the concept, calls for more context-sensitivity, exploratory studies, and city-level multi-stakeholder dialogues