13,587 research outputs found
Synthetic Observational Health Data with GANs: from slow adoption to a boom in medical research and ultimately digital twins?
After being collected for patient care, Observational Health Data (OHD) can
further benefit patient well-being by sustaining the development of health
informatics and medical research. Vast potential is unexploited because of the
fiercely private nature of patient-related data and regulations to protect it.
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently emerged as a
groundbreaking way to learn generative models that produce realistic synthetic
data. They have revolutionized practices in multiple domains such as
self-driving cars, fraud detection, digital twin simulations in industrial
sectors, and medical imaging.
The digital twin concept could readily apply to modelling and quantifying
disease progression. In addition, GANs posses many capabilities relevant to
common problems in healthcare: lack of data, class imbalance, rare diseases,
and preserving privacy. Unlocking open access to privacy-preserving OHD could
be transformative for scientific research. In the midst of COVID-19, the
healthcare system is facing unprecedented challenges, many of which of are data
related for the reasons stated above.
Considering these facts, publications concerning GAN applied to OHD seemed to
be severely lacking. To uncover the reasons for this slow adoption, we broadly
reviewed the published literature on the subject. Our findings show that the
properties of OHD were initially challenging for the existing GAN algorithms
(unlike medical imaging, for which state-of-the-art model were directly
transferable) and the evaluation synthetic data lacked clear metrics.
We find more publications on the subject than expected, starting slowly in
2017, and since then at an increasing rate. The difficulties of OHD remain, and
we discuss issues relating to evaluation, consistency, benchmarking, data
modelling, and reproducibility.Comment: 31 pages (10 in previous version), not including references and
glossary, 51 in total. Inclusion of a large number of recent publications and
expansion of the discussion accordingl
Addendum to Informatics for Health 2017: Advancing both science and practice
This article presents presentation and poster abstracts that were mistakenly omitted from the original publication
Hypergraph Convolutional Networks for Fine-grained ICU Patient Similarity Analysis and Risk Prediction
The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is one of the most important parts of a
hospital, which admits critically ill patients and provides continuous
monitoring and treatment. Various patient outcome prediction methods have been
attempted to assist healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making.
Existing methods focus on measuring the similarity between patients using deep
neural networks to capture the hidden feature structures. However, the
higher-order relationships are ignored, such as patient characteristics (e.g.,
diagnosis codes) and their causal effects on downstream clinical predictions.
In this paper, we propose a novel Hypergraph Convolutional Network that
allows the representation of non-pairwise relationships among diagnosis codes
in a hypergraph to capture the hidden feature structures so that fine-grained
patient similarity can be calculated for personalized mortality risk
prediction. Evaluation using a publicly available eICU Collaborative Research
Database indicates that our method achieves superior performance over the
state-of-the-art models on mortality risk prediction. Moreover, the results of
several case studies demonstrated the effectiveness of constructing graph
networks in providing good transparency and robustness in decision-making.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to IEEE BIBM 202
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