11,986 research outputs found

    Identity, Power, and Prestige in Switzerland's Multilingual Education

    Get PDF
    Switzerland is known for its multilingualism, yet not all languages are represented equally in society. The situation is exacerbated by the influx of heritage languages and English through migration and globalization processes which challenge the traditional education system. This study is the first to investigate how schools in Grisons, Fribourg, and Zurich negotiate neoliberal forces leading to a growing necessity of English, a romanticized view on national languages, and the social justice perspective of institutionalizing heritage languages. It uncovers power and legitimacy issues and showcases students' and teachers' complex identities to advocate equitable multilingual education

    One Small Step for Generative AI, One Giant Leap for AGI: A Complete Survey on ChatGPT in AIGC Era

    Full text link
    OpenAI has recently released GPT-4 (a.k.a. ChatGPT plus), which is demonstrated to be one small step for generative AI (GAI), but one giant leap for artificial general intelligence (AGI). Since its official release in November 2022, ChatGPT has quickly attracted numerous users with extensive media coverage. Such unprecedented attention has also motivated numerous researchers to investigate ChatGPT from various aspects. According to Google scholar, there are more than 500 articles with ChatGPT in their titles or mentioning it in their abstracts. Considering this, a review is urgently needed, and our work fills this gap. Overall, this work is the first to survey ChatGPT with a comprehensive review of its underlying technology, applications, and challenges. Moreover, we present an outlook on how ChatGPT might evolve to realize general-purpose AIGC (a.k.a. AI-generated content), which will be a significant milestone for the development of AGI.Comment: A Survey on ChatGPT and GPT-4, 29 pages. Feedback is appreciated ([email protected]

    Verbal reports in psychological investigations: a logical and psychological analysis

    Get PDF
    Since the era of Wundtian introspectionism the status and usefulness of verbal reports from subjects in psychological investigations have been a recurring topic of heated debate and controversy in the international psychological literature. In order to untangle and clearify some of the uncertainties and confusions in this debate, an analysis is attempted of some of the logical and psychological conditions for research involving verbal reports. In the course of this analysis we argue first that any psychological investigation logically presupposes, that communication takes place in a shared language in which both the investigator and the subject know correct statements and descriptions and their correct uses. It is argued, more over, that different areas of psychological research differ distinctively with regard to the opportunities of observation and description - for the investigator and the subject - and,consequently, in the amount of control exercised over events and variables by the investigator and the subject. Examples are given of different psychological conditions and problems encountered in different areas of research and their implications for the development of different research methodes and programmes.Since the era of Wundtian introspectionism the status and usefulness of verbal reports from subjects in psychological investigations have been a recurring topic of heated debate and controversy in the international psychological literature. In order to untangle and clearify some of the uncertainties and confusions in this debate, an analysis is attempted of some of the logical and psychological conditions for research involving verbal reports. In the course of this analysis we argue first that any psychological investigation logically presupposes, that communication takes place in a shared language in which both the investigator and the subject know correct statements and descriptions and their correct uses. It is argued, more over, that different areas of psychological research differ distinctively with regard to the opportunities of observation and description - for the investigator and the subject - and,consequently, in the amount of control exercised over events and variables by the investigator and the subject. Examples are given of different psychological conditions and problems encountered in different areas of research and their implications for the development of different research methodes and programmes

    Lift EVERY Voice and Sing: An Intersectional Qualitative Study Examining the Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Faculty and Administrators at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

    Get PDF
    While there is minimal literature that address the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans* identified students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), the experiences of Black, queer faculty and administrators at HBCUs has not been studied. This intersectional qualitative research study focused on the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer identified faculty and administrators who work at HBCUs. By investigating the intersections of religion, race, gender, and sexuality within a predominantly Black institution, this study aims to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts at HBCUs by sharing the experiences of the LGBQ faculty and administrators that previously or currently work at an HBCU as a full-time employee. The research questions that guided this study were 1) How have LGBQ faculty and staff negotiated/navigated their careers at HBCUs? and 2) How do LGBQ faculty and staff at HBCUs influence cultural (relating to LGBQ inclusion) change at the organizational level? The main theoretical framework used was intersectionality and it shaped the chosen methodology and methods. The Politics of Respectability was the second theoretical framework used to describe the intra-racial tensions within the Black/African American community. The study included 60-120 minute interviews with 12 participants. Using intersectionality as a guide, the data were coded and utilized for thematic analysis. Then, an ethnodramatic performance engages readers. The goals of this study were to encourage policy changes, promote inclusivity for LGBQ employees at HBCUs, and provide an expansion to the body of literature in the field pertaining to the experiences of LGBQ faculty and administrators in higher education

    The relationships between job crafting, idiosyncratic deals, internal locus of control, psychological empowerment, and work engagement among Pakistani academicians: a moderated mediation model

    Get PDF
    This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between job crafting, idiosyncratic deals and work engagement among academicians of Pakistani public universities. This study also examined the moderating effects of internal locus of control on job crafting–psychological empowerment and idiosyncratic deals–psychological empowerment relationships. The motivational process of job demands-resources (JD-R) theory was used to underpinned the study framework. A cross-sectional survey using the simple random sampling technique was carried out to elicit responses from the participants. Using an online survey, 324 useable responses were obtained which is 53.33% response rate. The data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that both job crafting and idiosyncratic deals have a significant positive relationship with work engagement. Likewise, psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between job crafting, idiosyncratic deals, and work engagement. Interestingly, internal locus of control did not moderate the idiosyncratic deals–psychological empowerment relationship but did moderate the job crafting–psychological empowerment relationship. Counterintuitively, the relationship between job crafting and psychological empowerment became stronger when internal locus of control was high. Further, internal locus of control enhanced the indirect effect of job crafting on work engagement through psychological empowerment. However, the indirect effect of internal locus of control on the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and work engagement through psychological empowerment did not meet the standard for significance. Further, job crafting had a stronger effect on psychological empowerment and work engagement for academicians with an internal locus of control. The results show that the top management of the public universities need to consider the impact of psychological empowerment and internal locus of control to usurp these to enhance academicians’ work engagement

    The developing maternal-infant relationship: a qualitative longitudinal study

    Get PDF
    Aim The study aimed to explore maternal perceptions and the use of knowledge relating to their infant’s mental health over time using qualitative longitudinal research. Background There has been a growing interest in infant mental health over recent years. Much of this interest is directed through the lens of infant determinism, through knowledge regarding neurological development resulting in biological determinism. Research and policy in this field are directed toward individual parenting behaviours, usually focused on the mother. Despite this, there is little attention given to maternal perspectives of infant mental health, indicating that a more innovative approach to methodology is required. Methods This study took a qualitative longitudinal approach, and interviews were undertaken with seven mothers from the third trimester of pregnancy and then throughout the first year of the infant’s life. Interviews were conducted at 34 weeks of pregnancy, and then when the infant was 6 and 12 weeks, 6, 9, and 12 months, alongside the collection of researcher field notes—a total of 41 interviews. Data were analysed by creating case profiles, memos, and summaries, and then cross-comparison of the emerging narratives. A psycho-socially informed approach was taken to the analysis of data. Findings Three interrelated themes emerged from the data: evolving maternal identity, growing a person, and creating a safe space. The theme of evolving maternal identity dominated the other themes of growing a person and creating a safe space in a way that met perceived socio-cultural requirements for mothering and childcare practices. Participants’ personal stories give voice to their perceptions of the developing maternal-infant relationship in the context of their socio-cultural setting, relationships with others, and experiences over time. Conclusions This study adds new knowledge by giving mothers a voice to express how the maternal-infant relationship develops over time. The findings demonstrate how the developing maternal-infant relationship grows in response to their mutual needs as the mother works to create and sustain identities for herself and the infant that will fit within their socio-cultural context and individual situations. Additionally, the findings illustrate the importance of temporal considerations, social networks, and intergenerational relationships to this evolving process. Recommendations for practice, policy, and education are made that reflect the unique relationship between mother and infant and the need to conceptualise this using an ecological approach

    Towards better support for high-functioning autistic learners in a mainstream sixth form classroom

    Get PDF
    This conceptual Dissertation emerged from my personal professional experiences as the Head of Additional Learning Support and Inclusion at a London Sixth Form College. The study considers the ways in which support for 16 to 19-year-old autistic learners who are deemed as high functioning might be improved. Initially I analyse current educational policy and legislation, using Martha Nussbaum’s version of the Capabilities Approach as an analytical lens. I argue that an education system based on a commodified, meritocratic, standardised, and neoliberal understanding of success has had a detrimental impact on both the flourishing and working relationships of high-functioning autistic learners and their teachers in the classroom. I contend that this type of education system focuses on employability skills using narrow understandings of human flourishing and what it means to be human. I suggest that Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach offers an alternative value system based on the recognition of human dignity and a broader and deeper understanding of what it means to be human by acknowledging and embracing different ways of thinking and being. I then discuss the difficulties high-functioning autistic learners encounter with social communication and functioning and feeling misunderstood which, I argue, are compounded by the pressures caused by the current meritocratic commodified education system. Additionally, and following Nussbaum’s work on emotions, I argue that key to the improvement of the understanding and support of high-functioning autistic learners in the classroom is a dialogical, empathetic, and compassionate working relationship between the teacher and the learner, both of whom are on a mutual learning journey. I then discuss how this relationship can be enhanced with the values of Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach practically implemented using Armstrong’s Positive Niche Construction. I contend, in my conclusion, that this approach to education will benefit not only high functioning autistic learners but all learners
    • …
    corecore