Developing a model of distributed sensemaking: a case study of military analysis

In this paper, we examine the role of representational artefacts in sensemaking. Embodied within representational media, such as maps, charts and lists, are a number of affordances, which can furnish sensemakers with the ability to perform tasks that may be difficult to do inside the head. Presented here is a study of sensemaking in action. We conducted a study of military intelligence analysts carrying out a training exercise, the analysis of which focuses on the use of external task-specific representations. We present a discussion of the findings of our study in the form of a model of distributed sensemaking. Our model concentrates on the interaction of information and various representational artefacts, leading to the generation of insights and a situation picture. We also introduce a number of levels of description for examining the properties and affordances offered by representational artefacts and their role in the sensemaking process

The Ithacan, 1990-08-30

https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/ithacan_1990-91/1000/thumbnail.jp

University of Montana Commencement Program, 2010

Commencement program from the University of Montana.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/um_commencement_programs/1112/thumbnail.jp

Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies

Translation is in motion. Both translation practice and translation studies (TS) have seen considerable innovation in recent decades, and we are currently witnessing a wealth of new approaches and concepts, some of which refect new translation phenomena, whereas others mirror new scholarly foci. Volunteer translation, crowdsourcing, virtual translator networks, transediting, and translanguaging are only some examples of practices and notions that are emerging on the scene alongside a renewed focus on well-established concepts that have traditionally been considered peripheral to the practice and study of translation: intralingual and intersemiotic translation are cases in point. At the same time, technological innovation and global developments such as the spread of English as a lingua franca are affecting wide areas of translation and, with it, translation studies. These trends are currently pushing or even crossing our traditional understandings of translation (studies) and its boundaries. The question is: how to deal with these developments? Some areas of the translation profession seem to respond by widening its borders, adding new practices such as technical writing, localisation, transcreation, or post-editing to their job portfolios, whereas others seem to be closing ranks. The same trend can be observed in the academic discipline: some branches of translation studies are eager to embrace all new developments under the TS umbrella, whereas others tend to dismiss (some of) them as irrelevant or as merely refecting new names for age-old practices. Translation is in motion. Technological developments, digitalisation and globalisation are among the many factors affecting and changing translation and, with it, translation studies. Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies offers a bird’s-eye view of recent developments and discusses their implications for the boundaries of the discipline. With 15 chapters written by leading translation scholars from around the world, the book analyses new translation phenomena, new practices and tools, new forms of organisation, new concepts and names as well as new scholarly approaches and methods. This is key reading for scholars, researchers and advanced students of translation and interpreting studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 licens

Montanan, Fall 2012

This is the magazine of the University of Montana with news about the University for UM alumni as well as current faculty, students, staff, and administrators. This is volume 29, number 3.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/montanan/1172/thumbnail.jp

Yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğreniminde yazma becerisinin dağıtık biliş perspektifinden incelenmesi

This study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of integrating a focus on form approach to collaborative writing tasks on the EFL learners’ accuracy of the writing performance by examining the writing process from the distributed cognition perspective. In line with this purpose, 24 volunteer participants from 10 th graders of an Anatolian High School in Adıyaman participated in the study. They were divided into experimental and control groups and each group had 12 students. The experimental group was exposed to focus on form instruction about simple past tense structure in English and they were divided into 3 groups to work collaboratively with their peers on their writing task while the control group worked individually. They were both given pre-test which is about writing a story about pictures by using the simple past tense structure and their paragraph was reformulated by the researcher. Additionally, the experimental group participated in noticing, stimulated recall, and interview stages. Both groups were given the same writing task as a post-test after 2 weeks. Qualitative analysis of collaborative dialogues showed that students benefited from artifacts and instructional practices, and they affected their writing performance. Furthermore, the experimental group emphasized their positive opinions towards working collaboratively, video-taped mini-lesson, noticing, and stimulated recall stages in the interview. Quantitative data analysis demonstrated that the difference in error scores between the control and experimental groups, measured from the pre-test to the post-test, was statistically significant. This result confirms that employing a combination of form-focused instruction and collaborative writing tasks is an effective approach for enhancing writing accuracy.Bu çalışma, dağıtık biliş perspektifinden yazma sürecini inceleyerek, işbirlikçi yazma görevlerine form odaklı bir yaklaşımın entegre edilmesinin İngilizce öğrenen öğrencilerin yazma performansının doğruluğu üzerindeki etkinliğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Adıyaman'daki bir Anadolu Lisesi'nin 10. sınıf öğrencilerinden 24 gönüllü katılımcı çalışmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcılar deney ve kontrol gruplarına ayrılmış olup her bir grupta 12 öğrenci bulunmaktadır. Deney grubu, İngilizcedeki basit geçmiş zaman yapısını form odaklı öğretimle öğrenmiş ve yazma görevlerinde akranlarıyla iş birliği içinde çalışmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır, kontrol grubu ise bireysel olarak çalışmıştır. Her iki gruba da basit geçmiş zaman yapısını kullanarak verilen resimler hakkında bir hikâye yazma için ön test verilmiş ve paragrafları araştırmacı tarafından yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca, deney grubu farkındalık, uyarılmış hatırlama ve mülakat aşamalarına katılmıştır. İki hafta sonra her iki gruba da aynı yazma görevi son test olarak verilmiştir. İşbirlikçi diyalogların nitel analizi, öğrencilerin araçlardan ve öğretim uygulamalarından faydalandıklarını ve yazma performanslarını etkilediklerini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, deney grubundaki katılımcılar görüşmede işbirlikçi çalışmaya, kullanılan araçlara, farkındalık ve uyarılmış hatırlama aşamalarına yönelik olumlu görüşlerini vurgulamışlardır. Nicel veri analizi, kontrol ve deney gruplarının ön testi ile son testi arasındaki hata puanları farkının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuç, form odaklı öğretim ve işbirlikçi yazma görevlerinin birleştirilerek kullanılmasının yazma doğruluğunu artırmak için etkili bir yaklaşım olduğunu doğrulamaktadır

Air Force Institute of Technology Research Report 2005

This report summarizes the research activities of the Air Force Institute of Technology’s Graduate School of Engineering and Management. It describes research interests and faculty expertise; lists student theses/dissertations; identifies research sponsors and contributions; and outlines the procedures for contacting the school. Included in the report are: faculty publications, conference presentations, consultations, and funded research projects. Research was conducted in the areas of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electro-Optics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Systems and Engineering Management, Operational Sciences, and Engineering Physics