1,919 research outputs found

    More-than-words: Reconceptualising Two-year-old Children’s Onto-epistemologies Through Improvisation and the Temporal Arts

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    This thesis project takes place at a time of increasing focus upon two-year-old children and the words they speak. On the one hand there is a mounting pressure, driven by the school readiness agenda, to make children talk as early as possible. On the other hand, there is an increased interest in understanding children’s communication in order to create effective pedagogies. More-than-words (MTW) examines an improvised art-education practice that combines heterogenous elements: sound, movement and materials (such as silk, string, light) to create encounters for young children, educators and practitioners from diverse backgrounds. During these encounters, adults adopt a practice of stripping back their words in order to tune into the polyphonic ways that children are becoming-with the world. For this research-creation, two MTW sessions for two-year-old children and their carers took place in a specially created installation. These sessions were filmed on a 360˚ camera, nursery school iPad and on a specially made child-friendly Toddler-cam (Tcam) that rolled around in the installation-event with the children. Through using the frameless technology of 360˚ film, I hoped to make tangible the relation and movement of an emergent and improvised happening and the way in which young children operate fluidly through multiple modes. Travelling with posthuman, Deleuzio-Guattarian and feminist vital material philosophy, I wander and wonder speculatively through practice, memory, and film data as a bag lady, a Haraway-ian writer/artist/researcher-creator who resists the story of the wordless child as lacking and tragic; the story that positions the word as heroic. Instead, through returning to the uncertainty of improvisation, I attempt to tune into the savage, untamed and wild music of young children’s animistic onto-epistemologies

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Microcredentials to support PBL

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    Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management

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    This book is a reprint of the Special Issue 'Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management' that was published in the journal Buildings

    Summer/Fall 2023

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    New perspectives on A.I. in sentencing. Human decision-making between risk assessment tools and protection of humans rights.

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    The aim of this thesis is to investigate a field that until a few years ago was foreign to and distant from the penal system. The purpose of this undertaking is to account for the role that technology could plays in the Italian Criminal Law system. More specifically, this thesis attempts to scrutinize a very intricate phase of adjudication. After deciding on the type of an individual's liability, a judge must decide on the severity of the penalty. This type of decision implies a prognostic assessment that looks to the future. It is precisely in this field and in prognostic assessments that, as has already been anticipated in the United, instruments and processes are inserted in the pre-trial but also in the decision-making phase. In this contribution, we attempt to describe the current state of this field, trying, as a matter of method, to select the most relevant or most used tools. Using comparative and qualitative methods, the uses of some of these instruments in the supranational legal system are analyzed. Focusing attention on the Italian system, an attempt was made to investigate the nature of the element of an individual's ‘social dangerousness’ (pericolosità sociale) and capacity to commit offences, types of assessments that are fundamental in our system because they are part of various types of decisions, including the choice of the best sanctioning treatment. It was decided to turn our attention to this latter field because it is believed that the judge does not always have the time, the means and the ability to assess all the elements of a subject and identify the best 'individualizing' treatment in order to fully realize the function of Article 27, paragraph 3 of the Constitution

    Vêtithèques versus fast fashion – Dévoiler les verrouillages aux changements de pratiques habituelles de consommation pour mieux les dépasser et favoriser le déploiement de l’économie de la fonctionnalité dans le secteur de l’habillement

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    Pour répondre aux enjeux environnementaux, économiques et sociaux de ce siècle, une transition vers plus de soutenabilité est nécessaire. C’est pourquoi les recherches se sont notamment tournées vers l’émergence de nouveaux modèles économiques. Parmi ceux-ci, l’économie de la fonctionnalité (EF) vend l’usage d’un bien, par opposition à la vente classique du bien en lui-même. Cependant, ce modèle peine à recruter un nombre suffisant de consommateurs pour être viable. Ce phénomène s’illustre parfaitement dans le secteur de l’habillement où malgré une conscience collective de la nécessité de se diriger vers des offres plus soutenables, la course à la possession reste globalement inchangée. Et ce, malgré l’apparition d’offres comme celles des vêtithèques ou bibliothèques de vêtements, une application de l’EF dans le secteur de l’habillement. Le postulat de cette thèse est le suivant : la compréhension fine des ingrédients et ressorts des pratiques de consommation actuelles est essentielle au déploiement de ce nouveau modèle économique potentiellement porteur de soutenabilité. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les verrouillages aux changements de pratiques de consommation et en particulier la difficulté des consommateurs à se tourner vers les offres des vêtithèques. En ce sens, cette thèse met en évidence l’existence de deux niveaux de verrouillages : ceux profonds relevant des construits socio-culturels – tels que les dress codes, l’habillement comme moyen d’expression d’un statut social ou la réponse à des désirs créés par le marketing – et ceux moins profonds, résultant de l’enchevêtrement des ingrédients, qui routinisent la pratique de consommation de vêtements. L’hypothèse traitée dans cette thèse est qu'il serait possible, dans un premier temps, d’initier un changement de pratiques sans forcément devoir modifier les verrouillages socio-culturels liés à la consommation actuelle de vêtements. Il serait ainsi envisageable de réaliser une transition vers une consommation plus soutenable en déverrouillant des verrouillages moins profonds des pratiques habituelles. La caractérisation des verrouillages relevant de construits socio-culturels qui demandent une déconstruction dans une temporalité plus longue permettra, ensuite, l’amorce d’actions plus profondes. Cette analyse sert ensuite une réflexion plus large traitant des conditions de déploiement de l’EF dans le secteur de l’habillement puis dans ceux de la mobilité et des outils et objets. Ainsi, cette thèse met en évidence le fait que les freins à l’adoption d’offres fonctionnelles sont en partie génériques – propres au modèle de l’EF – et en partie liés au contexte d’utilisation de produits propre à chaque secteur. Plus spécifiquement, les freins à l’adoption d’offres de vêtithèques divergent (1) selon que l’adhésion se fait à une vêtithèque occasionnelle ou quotidienne et (2) selon les profils de consommation des porteurs de pratiques. L'ensemble de ces réflexions est enchâssé dans un questionnement plus large sur la réelle fonctionnalité de la consommation en lien avec l'impératif de soutenabilité.In order to face the coming environmental, economic and social challenges, a transition to more sustainable practices is needed. This is why research has focused on emerging models such as Product-Service Systems (PSS) – referring here to the sale of the use of a good rather than the possession of the good itself. However, this model has trouble recruiting and retaining a large enough number of consumers to be viable. This is clearly visible in the clothing sector where, despite the presence of collective consciousness of the need to adopt more sustainable consumption practices, the appeal of personal ownership has not decreased. This stays true even despite the availability of new kinds of offers, such as clothing libraries, an implementation of PSS-type solutions in the clothing sector. The postulate of this thesis is the following: a detailed understanding of the ingredients and drivers of current consumption practices is essential to foster the spread of this new economic model, which could potentially lead to more sustainability. This is why the objective of this thesis is to study the lock-ins to consumption practices changes, in particular the difficulty consumers face in changing their habits in the clothing sector to PSS-type solutions. In this regard, this thesis highlights the existence of two levels of lock-ins: the deeper lock-ins related to socio-cultural constructs – such as dress codes, clothing as a means of expressing social status or the answer to desires created by marketing – and the shallow lock-ins – resulting from the entanglement of ingredients that routinize the practice of clothing consumption. The hypothesis addressed in this thesis is that it would be possible, at first, to initiate practices change without necessarily having to modify the socio-cultural lock-ins linked to current clothing consumption. In other words, it would thus be possible to initiate a transition towards more sustainable consumption by unlocking the shallow lock-ins of the habitual practices. Characterizing the lock-ins related to socio-cultural constructs requiring deconstruction over a longer period of time, will then allow for adoption of more profound actions. This analysis then serves as a basis for a broader reflection in addressing the PSS conditions of deployment in the clothing sector and then in those of mobility and tools and objects. This thesis also highlights that obstacles to the adoption of functional offers are partly generic – inherent to PSS – and partly due to the context of product use specific to each sector. More specifically for clothing libraries, this research shows that the obstacles to adoption of clothing libraries differ (1) whether the usage is occasional or daily, and (2) whether it is based on the consumption profiles of the carriers of the practices. Through this thesis, these analyses are part of a broader discussion on sustainabilizing consumption

    Participation dynamics in the management of protected areas: the case of Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve and its adjacent communities, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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    In many parts of the developing world, participation in the management of ‘protected areas’ is among the most tangible indices of how the rural population encounters formal conservation policies, strategies and ideologies. However, some scholars have argued that the sharing of the burdens and benefits of participation is devoid of equity. While some analysts have emphasised the imperative of multi-stakeholder participation in nature conservation, citing this as a crucial socio-ecological investment, others have highlighted the inherent contradictions in the process, describing it as an avenue for manipulation, tokenism and exploitation. This study is located in this debate and focuses on narratives around the participation of different stakeholders in the management of Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve and its adjacent communities in the rural Wild-Coast, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The researcher notes that research on the degrees and participation dynamics among various role players involved in the management of protected areas in South Africa, Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve in particular is limited. Against this background, this study contributes to ongoing discussions on protected area management in South Africa but seeks to expand this discussion by interrogating the nature and degrees of participation within the Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve - to deepen intellectual understanding on the significant role played by protected areas in engendering participatory democracy, equity, justice as well as meeting the needs of marginalised communities. Primary data for the thesis were collected using in-depth and key-informant interviews with officials from government institutions and parastatals, politicians and traditional authority figures. Focus group discussions were held with ‘youth’ participants as well as ‘elders’ in the Reserve’s adjacent communities. An analysis of policy and other government documents sought to outline the institutional attributes of protected areas management in South Africa and the underpinning ideas. A thematic analysis of the corpus of empirical information helped to show how these institutional attributes inhere in Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve as well as the epistemic challenge these attributes pose vis-à-vis indigenous ecological ideas and practices in the adjacent ‘indigenous’ communities. The study revealed that participation is perceived differently by various stakeholders due to multiple, mutually contradictory impulses. While institutional stakeholders attached great importance to the structural role of institutional frameworks, hence the vigorous reliance on formal conservation strategies, narratives from community members drew attention to ‘equity deficits’. The study also found that while the selected Reserve may have fostered cooperation between government and the adjacent communities, conflict and distrust ran deep between these stakeholders. From these and other findings, the study concluded that ecological participation in the study area was characterised by clusters of stakeholders who regard one another as ‘epistemic outsiders’ and related to one another as such, with practical consequences – especially for the long-term sustainability of the Reserve. In the main, the thesis rests on the argument that in the face of epistemic differences, dominance and marginalisation could become a defining feature of protected area management that cannot be readily resolved through the mere process of participation.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202

    Constitutions of Value

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    Gathering an interdisciplinary range of cutting-edge scholars, this book addresses legal constitutions of value. Global value production and transnational value practices that rely on exploitation and extraction have left us with toxic commons and a damaged planet. Against this situation, the book examines law’s fundamental role in institutions of value production and valuation. Utilising pathbreaking theoretical approaches, it problematizes mainstream efforts to redeem institutions of value production by recoupling them with progressive values. Aiming beyond radical critique, the book opens up the possibility of imagining and enacting new and different value practices. This wide-ranging and accessible book will appeal to international lawyers, socio-legal scholars, those working at the intersections of law and economy and others, in politics, economics, environmental studies and elsewhere, who are concerned with rethinking our current ideas of what has value, what does not, and whether and how value may be revalued
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