Identifying Codes and Domination in the Product of Graphs

An identifying code in a graph is a dominating set that also has the property that the closed neighborhood of each vertex in the graph has a distinct intersection with the set. The minimum cardinality of an identifying code in a graph $G$ is denoted \gid(G). We consider identifying codes of the direct product $K_n \times K_m$. In particular, we answer a question of Klav\v{z}ar and show the exact value of \gid(K_n \times K_m). It was recently shown by Gravier, Moncel and Semri that for the Cartesian product of two same-sized cliques \gid(K_n \Box K_n) = \lfloor{\frac{3n}{2}\rfloor}. Letting $m \ge n \ge 2$ be any integers, we show that \IDCODE(K_n \cartprod K_m) = \max\{2m-n, m + \lfloor n/2 \rfloor\}. Furthermore, we improve upon the bounds for \IDCODE(G \cartprod K_m) and explore the specific case when $G$ is the Cartesian product of multiple cliques. Given two disjoint copies of a graph $G$, denoted $G^1$ and $G^2$, and a permutation $\pi$ of $V(G)$, the permutation graph $\pi G$ is constructed by joining $u \in V(G^1)$ to $\pi(u) \in V(G^2)$ for all $u \in V(G^1)$. The graph $G$ is said to be a universal fixer if the domination number of $\pi G$ is equal to the domination number of $G$ for all $\pi$ of $V(G)$. In 1999 it was conjectured that the only universal fixers are the edgeless graphs. We prove the conjecture

City in Sight: Dutch Dealings with Urban Change

Huge social transformations and turbulent political events - 9/11 and the political murders of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh - have put urban issues high on the political agenda of the Netherlands. Against this background, the contributors to this volume bring the city in sight from various disciplinary perspectives and relate their research findings to both national and international debates on urban problems. In this way, City in Sight not only provides insight into the most urgent questions of contemporary cities in the Netherlands, but also how these relate to similar problems in other countries as well. Table of contents: Part I Urban Transformations and Local Settings 1 Post-Industrialization and Ethnocentrism in Contemporary Dutch Cities: The Effects of Job Opportunities and Residential Segregation / Jeroen van der Waal and Jack Burgers 2 Unraveling Neighborhood Effects: Evidence from Two European Welfare States / Sako Musterd and Fenne M. Pinkster 3 The Effects of State-Led Gentrification in the Netherlands / Peter van der Graaf and Lex Veldboer 4 Problematic Areas or Places of Fun? Ethnic Place Marketing in the Multicultural City of Rotterdam / Ilse van Liempt and Lex Veldboer Part II Urban Citizenship and Civic Life 5 Local and Transnational Aspects of Citizenship Political Practices and Identifications of Middle-class Migrants in Rotterdam / Marianne van Bochove, Katja Rusinovic and Godfried Engbersen 6 A Little Less Conversation, a Little More Action: Real-life Expressions of Vital Citizenship in City Neighborhoods / Ted van de Wijdeven and Frank Hendriks 7 Organize Liberal, Think Conservative: Citizenship in Light Communities / Menno Hurenkamp 8 ‘Control over the Remote Control’, or How to Handle the ‘Normal’ World? The Policy and Practice of Community Care for People with Psychiatric or Intellectual Disabilities / Loes Verplanke and Jan Willem Duyvendak 9 Changing Urban Networks and Gossip: Moroccan Migrant Women’s Networks in the Dutch Welfare State / Marguerite van den Berg Part III Urban Governance and Professional Politics 10 The Relationship Between Policy Governance and Front-line Governance / Pieter Tops and Casper Hartman 11 Between Ideals and Pragmatism: Practitioners Working with Immigrant Youth in Amsterdam and Berlin / Floris Vermeulen and Tim Plaggenborg 12 Explaining the Role of Civic Organizations in Neighborhood Co-production / Karien Dekker, Rene´ Torenvlied, Beate Völker and Herman Lelieveldt 13 The Amsterdam Office Space Tragedy: An Institutional Reflection on Balancing Office Space Development in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region / Leonie Janssen-Jansen and Willem Salet The Dutch Orange and the Big Apple: A Comparative Commentary / John MollenkopfDe bijdragen in deze bundel geven zicht op de stad en stedelijke verandering vanuit verschillende invalshoeken. De auteurs plaatsen hun bevindingen in de context van het Nederlandse en internationale debat over stedelijke problematiek. City in Sight laat zien wat de meest prangende kwesties zijn waar Nederlandse steden zich momenteel voor gesteld zien

Of Gods and Gaia

This book examines the case for planetary engineering and management that seeks to redefine and reorganise environmentalism around nuclear power, biotechnology, GM food and geoengineering. This amounts to moral and political disarmament of the environmental movement and can be resisted. This book examines what these proposals amount to and what kind of thinking – and politics – lies behind them. Stewart Brand opens his book Whole Earth Discipline with the quote: ‘We are as gods and HAVE to get good at it.’ Mark Lynas follows suit and entitles his book The God Species. These books focus almost exclusively on technology and offer technological solutions to the environmental crisis. There is nothing on morality, an explicit repudiation of ‘ideology’, little on social practices, and a disdain of politics which always seems to slant against socialism and the left. The environmental crisis ought to have concentrated minds and caused us to take the notion of natural limits and planetary boundaries more seriously. However, far from coming to terms with the Faustian bargains which lie at the heart of modernity, the inversion of means and ends, the enlargement of means at the expense of ends, the planetary engineers come to invest our technologies with a divine power. I shall take these books on with respect to specific points, examining the cases made for nuclear energy, biotechnology, GE food and geoengineering. I shall set the books by Lovelock, Brand and Lynas within a broader philosophical discussion of human power and progress. Above all, I call for the integration of our moral and technical capacities so as to achieve a balanced development of the human ontology. This also requires a deeper understanding of the human essence and how it flourishes only when we find our true place within nature

Imagined Economies - Real Fictions: New Perspectives on Economic Thinking in Great Britain

The way we conceptualise the economy and ourselves as homo economicus has profound consequences for our lives. The contributions to this anthology take debates about the financial crisis, about recent austerity measures or about the Brexit referendum a step further. A common denominator of these dynamics are underlying ideas of »the economy«. Each author identifies a facet of Britain's imagined economies. They connect seemingly separate fields such as finance and fiction in order to better understand current political changes. In addition, the book offers an urgently needed interdisciplinary view on the performative power of economic thought - and in this respect moves far beyond merely British perspectives

A process-based approach to engineering design knowledge reuse

Manufacturing enterprises are under increasing pressure to produce products of higher quality at lower cost in shorter time frames if they are to remain competitive. Engineering design support methods can help companies to achieve these goals. One such approach is design knowledge reuse. Industrial requirements have been identified as (i) the ability to rapidly create product variants; (ii) the ability to capture and re-use design knowledge, and; (iii) the capability to support the design effort across a distributed enterprise. The research aim is developed to assist the manufacturing enterprise in meeting the industrial requirements in the following way: a design solution to a new product requirement can be supported using an application package that is developed for a specific product domain. The application package consists of knowledge about previous products and projects, and procedures for using the knowledge to achieve a new solution. An initial investigation showed that design reuse in practice is lacking in specific areas: access to relevant and contextualised captured design knowledge; the relationship between design reuse and the product development process; integrated engineering and business objectives. Literature gaps were also identified. They include: (i) knowledge reuse for the whole product life cycle (particularly early design); (ii) integrated product and design process models; (iii) a ‘how-to’ element of the product design process. The aim of this research is to provide a method for reusing engineering design knowledge. The research method is ‘interview case study’, which supports a flexible approach and enables the research to develop according to the findings. The research was carried out with four companies, one of which took part in a detailed case study, providing case data to develop, populate and validate the proposed system. The outcome of the research is a proposal for a process based engineering design reuse method. The method consists of a combination of product, process and task knowledge to support the design process. Product knowledge is represented using a product ontology. Process knowledge is represented using the Design Roadmap method. Task knowledge is represented using a template developed to record the critical aspects of the task, including ‘how-to’ knowledge. Case studies are used to validate the proposed framework and the developed prototype system. The proposed design knowledge reuse framework is applicable to a range of industries in which mature, complex products are developed.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

DMS and DMSP production by marine dinoflagellates

Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is the biogenic precursor of the climatecooling gas dimethylsulphide (DMS). DMSP is produced by certain phytoplankton groups including dinoflagellates. DMSP is a multifunctional compound potentially acting as an osmolyte, cryoprotectant, antioxidant, methyl donor, grazer deterrent and overflow exudate but its primary biological role and the variation in DMSP content in dinoflagellates remain unclear. As dinoflagellates can be sensitive to agitation, the methods for DMSP measurements in cultures were assessed and the measurement of total DMSP as a surrogate for intracellular DMSP was retained for most experiments. I collected all the published DMSP data in dinoflagellates and measured DMSP in 9 species. The obtained dataset proposed a summary of DMSP concentrations in dinoflagellates which spread over 6 orders of magnitude with an average of 242 mM (n=61) and include the widest and highest DMSP concentrations reported in phytoplankton. The DMSP content was analysed in relation with various biological criteria that determine the wide diversity of the dinoflagellate group. Bioluminescent species and species holding haptophyte-like plastids have significantly lower DMSP concentrations whereas higher concentrations were found in Mediterranean species. The role of DMSP was further investigated in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii by testing the effect of abiotic parameters on its DMSP content. DMSP acted as an osmolyte with a short-term response to hyperosmotic shock and long-term response to hypoosmotic shock. Concentrations also increased with growth as a result of glucose depletion suggesting that DMSP might replace glucose-derived osmolytes. The DMSP adjustment of cultures transferred into glucose-depleted or repleted media appeared to be exceptionally fast (<1 min). Nitrogen limitation also increased DMSP concentrations, possibly due to DMSP acting as an overflow metabolite for excess sulphur or as an antioxidant under starvation stress. Overall the results strongly support the contribution of the dinoflagellate group to the DMSP production.Le diméthylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) est le précurseur biogène du diméthylsulfure (DMS), gaz à effet de refroidissement sur le climat. Le DMSP est produit par certains groupes de phytoplancton dont les dinoflagellés. Le DMSP peut avoir de multiples fonctions telles que: osmolyte, cryoprotecteur, antioxydant, donneur de méthyle, molécule de défense contre les brouteurs et exsudat de surcharges métaboliques en conditions de croissance déséquilibrée. Cependant, le rôle biologique majeur du DMSP ainsi que la variabilité du contenu en DMSP chez les dinoflagellés demeure à ce jour incertain. Comme les dinoflagellés peuvent être sensibles à l’agitation, des méthodes de mesure du DMSP dans les cultures ont été évaluées et la mesure du DMSP total en tant qu’estimateur du DMSP intracellulaire a été retenue pour la majeure partie des expériences. J’ai regroupé toutes les valeurs publiées de concentration en DMSP mesurées chez les dinoflagellés et ajouté mes propres mesures effectuées au laboratoire sur 9 espèces. La base de données obtenue propose une synthèse des valeurs de concentration en DMSP exprimées par volume cellulaire qui s’étalent sur 6 ordres de grandeur avec une moyenne de 242 mM (n=61) et qui incluent les valeurs les plus extrêmes et les plus élevées obtenues parmi tous les groupes de phytoplancton. Le contenu en DMSP a été analysé en fonction de plusieurs critères biologiques à l’origine de la grande diversité des dinoflagellés. Les espèces bioluminescentes et les espèces qui contiennent des plastes d’haptophyte ont des concentrations en DMSP significativement plus faibles alors que des concentrations plus fortes sont observées dans les espèces méditerranéennes. Le rôle biologique du DMSP a été plus particulièrement étudié pour le dinoflagellé hétérotrophe Crypthecodinium cohnii. Le DMSP agit en tant qu’osmolyte avec une réponse à court terme suite a un choc hyperosmotique et à long terme après un choc hypoosmotique. De plus, la concentration en DMSP augmentait avec la croissance de la culture en réponse à une carence en glucose, laquelle suggérait que le DMSP pourrait remplacer d’autres osmolytes dérivés du glucose. La réponse d’ajustement du DMSP pour une culture transférée dans un milieu carencé ou supplémenté en glucose s’effectuait de manière exceptionnellement rapide (<1 min). La limitation en azote a également affecté la concentration en DMSP chez C. cohnii en augmentant sa concentration, soit agissant potentiellement en tant que métabolite de surcharge lors d’excès de sulfates, soit en tant qu’antioxydant en conditions de stress nutritif. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats confirment l’importance de la contribution des dinoflagellés dans la production de DMSP

Affect and desire: museums and the cinematic

The museum continues to be broadly framed in the critical literature in terms of its Enlightenment legacy and related knowledge/power relations. To contend with this authoritative institutional legacy, critical theory within the new museology operates to ensure museums are inclusive of class, race, gender, creed and identity. Yet this vigilant, didactic focus on inclusivity limits the ability of the museum to engage in transformative, affecting ways with the very idea of alterity that is fundamental to any inclusive agenda.As a theoretical investigation of museums and the cinematic, this thesis considers the potential for museum studies of engaging with affect and desire alongside the rational, inclusive museum. Two modes of affecting encounter are conceptualised to illuminate the resonance of affect in museums; the intentional use of didactic affect and the serendipitous intensity of non-discursive affect. Didactic affect arises from recognition and emotion, and is aligned to common sense notions of time, memory and history. However, affect is also generated outside didactic, discursive intent. This mode of affectivity assumes credibility in fictional museums presented in films; resoundingly these museums are sites of non-conformity, seduction and the irrational.Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s interest in cinema images and the production of new thought, the thesis appraises fictional museums in films. Deleuze rejects Lacanian influenced cinema analysis and the axiom that desire is pre-programmed within an already structured and repressed Oedipal unconscious. In the focus on repression and ideology, there is parallel between the limitation of cine-psychoanalytical approaches to museums in films and structuralist approaches to actual museums in the critical literature. An anti-Oedipal approach to the affective museum assembles visitors and artefacts not according to the subject/object dichotomy of structuralist modes of understanding but as desiring-machines capable of unfolding alternative ways of thinking the relation of the human and nonhuman. As such the thesis offers an ethico-aesthetic dimension for critical engagement with the field of museum studies

Botany_Theory Lectures_Pharmacy degree-UV_IsaacGarridoBenavent

El document forma part dels materials docents programats mitjançant l'ajut del Servei de Política Lingüística de la Universitat de València.This document contains the teaching material corresponding to the subject Botany, which is taught in the first year of the Degree in Pharmacy at the University of Valencia. More specifically, this material is designed for the high performance group (ARA). It contains basic botany lessons (structure and reproduction) as well as others dedicated to describing the diversity of different botanical groups, such as plants, algae and fungi