12 research outputs found

    Dermatoglyphics

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    Comparison of dermatoglyphic patterns in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis patients

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    Background: Genetics plays an important role in the detection of an Oral potentially malignant lesion. A major contributor to genetic study is Dermatoglyphics or the study of fingerprints and lines of palmer and plantar surfaces. Many researchers have used dermatoglyphics to connect genetics with oral lesions and malignancies. Thus, the current study has been conducted to find out an association between dermatoglyphic patterns and oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and healthy subjects.Methods: The present study is conducted on subjects that have been already diagnosed with oral lesions. Fingerprint patterns (whorled, loop and arch) were evaluated by utilizing fingerprints.Results: The present study showed that the loop pattern was common in all three subjects. The frequency of whorled and arch pattern is decreased in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis that healthy subjects. Arch pattern is comparatively decreased in subjects with oral leukoplakia than oral submucous fibrosis and there is a decrease in the frequency of whorled patterns in OSMF as compared to oral leukoplakia.Conclusions: Authors conclude that simply by observing the whorled and arch patterns in a subject, authors can hypothesize that risk of occurrence of oral leukoplakia and oral submucous Fibrosis and take preventive measures against the said lesions

    Dermatoglyphic Variability and Asymmetry of Patients with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

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    Quantitative dermatoglyphic data for patients with oral-facial clefts and their first degree relatives were compared with controls. The objectives were to define the nature of the differences between those samples and to interpret the differences in terms of developmental processes. The clinic samples were composed of Caucasian cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients and normal first degree relatives from Knox and surrounding counties in East Tennessee. The control sample consisted of 102 male and 102 female University of Tennessee students and Knoxville children. Specific diagnoses as to cleft type and associated malformations were determined by consulting clinic records. Two diagnostic classifications were employed: (1) patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P; n=88), and (2) patients with cleft palate only (CP; n=29). Patients with numerous developmental defects or Pierre Robin’s syndrome were not included. For certain tests, the CL±P sample was divided into two subsamples: (1) probands having additional relatives with any type of cleft (FH+), and (2) patients having no other relatives with clefts (FH-). The majority of variables were ridge-counts of finger and palmar patterns or dermatoglyphic areas. Radial and ulnar ridge-counts were obtained for each digit. Also, patterns in the second, third and fourth interdigital areas were quantified by counting the number of ridges between the pattern centers and corresponding triradii. Five variables on each palm defined size of the interdigital patterns, their location and the triradii or main lines essential to their formation. Interdigital counts, a-b, b-c and c-d, were obtained for both palms. Ridge breadth and maximal atd angle was measured on the palms. The data for CL±P probands and controls were separately factor analyzed and the factors compared. The entire sample (control plus clinic samples) was analyzed to obtain factor scores for all individuals. Those scores were used in multivariate tests for determining whether the factor score means or dispersion matrices of the patient and control samples differed significantly. In separate tests, controls were compared with CL±P probands, CL±P siblings and CL±P parents. Like comparisons were repeated for CP patients and their family members. CL±P and CP probands were tested for differences from corresponding siblings using a multivariate paired samples test. The effect of a positive history of clefts was determined by comparing factor scores of controls, CL±P, FH+ and CL±P, FH- patients. Ridge breadth and maximum atd angle were analyzed independently from the other variables. Males and females were analyzed separately and an analysis of covariance technique allowed adjusting means for effects of age. Fluctuating asymmetry of the control and patient samples were compared by testing for variance-covariance homogeneity. The tests measured sample differences in the patterning of the relationships among the asymmetry measures as well as magnitude differences in the within-pair variances. Ten factors were extracted for controls, CL±P probands and the total sample. Five general types of factors are represented in each group: (1) finger radial count factors; (2) finger ulnar count factors; (3) thumb factors; (4) palmar interdigital count factors; and (5) palmar pattern factors. Controls and CL±P probands contrast in the relative contributions of certain variables to specific factors. Scores for five factors were retained for further comparisons. Few differences in means are discernible between clinic samples and controls. The data provides no evidence that a positive or negative history of clefts has any affect on mean values. Proband and non-cleft sibling means are similar. CL±P females have significantly wider ridges than noted for control females. The clinic samples are unusual in the dispersion matrices of factor scores and asymmetry measures. Factor score variance-covariance matrices of CL±P probands, siblings and parents significantly differ from controls. Probands are the extreme in this regard. Only a few variances, when tested individually, display heterogeneity suggesting that the interrelationships among the variables (covariances) differ from controls. The presence of covariance differences seems noteworthy in relation to cleft formation. Facial development requires a highly coordinated or correlated interaction of several embryological structures. Deviation from normal developmental pathways, as involved in the formation of cleft lip and cleft palate, would seem a likely possibility when normal relationships are not maintained. The variables examined bear no direct relationship with morphogenesis of the face. Therefore, the types of covariance differences indicated in the dermatoglyphics may be fairly generalized throughout the individual and somehow related to the cause of oral-facial clefts. Variance-covariance asymmetry matrices for CL±P and CP probands and their siblings differ from controls although not the parent samples. The asymmetry matrices of CL±P, FH- probands significantly differ from controls. However, in contrast with some previous research, there does not appear to be a consistent tendency for the CL±P samples to show increased fluctuating asymmetry

    Bilateral differences in papillary fingerprint patterns of left-handed and right-handed individuals

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    The aim of the present research work is to study the bilateral differences in the frequency of pattern types of homologous fingers in left-handed and right-handed individuals of both sexes. The sample comprised 379 healthy people, of Bulgarian ethnicity, aged 17-58 years. In the female group, there were 219 right-handers and 53 left-handers, while in males - 66 right-handers and 41 left-handers. Fingerprints were taken by the typographic method, in a rotating manner. Papillary patterns were classified into four main types. The data were statistically analyzed. The results showed significant bilateral differences in women (lefthanded and right-handed) in the frequency of ulnar loops of the third finger. In men righthanders, there were significant differences in the frequency of circular patterns of the first and fourth fingers. There were not any differences found in the bilateral comparison of the frequencies of pattern types in the left-handed men

    Revisão histórica dos dermatóglifos e estudo comparativo entre o método tradicional de impressão palmar com tinta e método de escaneamento digital em um grupo de escolares de Curitiba, Paranå

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    Resumo: Os dermatĂłglifos (derma-pele, glifeĂ­n-esculpir) sĂŁo sistemas de cristas e sulcos do estrato cĂłrneo da epiderme, presentes nas ĂĄreas ventrais dos dedos das mĂŁos, dos pĂ©s bem como de regiĂ”es palmares e plantares em seres humanos. Estes sistemas de cristas sĂŁo formados entre a 13ÂȘ e 19ÂȘ semana de vida embrionĂĄria e apresentam figuras e padrĂ”es caracterĂ­sticos (arcos, presilhas, verticilos e trirrĂĄdios) que permanecem inalterados por toda a vida sofrendo somente variaçÔes do crescimento. As primeiras descriçÔes cientĂ­ficas dos dermatĂłglifos apareceram na literatura no sĂ©culo XVII e sua classificação sistemĂĄtica em 1823 por Purkinge. A nomenclatura clĂĄssica (arco, presilha e verticilo) foi estabelecida por Sir Francis Galton em 1888 e os trirrĂĄdios palmares por Wilder em 1897. O termo dermatĂłglifos foi estabelecido por Cummins e Midlo em 1926 quando iniciou a ciĂȘncia moderna dos dermatĂłglifos, com a demonstração da importante correlação entre a SĂ­ndrome de Down e a presença da prega transversal palmar Ășnica. No Brasil, o estudo dos dermatĂłglifos teve inĂ­cio no sĂ©culo XX com estudos antropolĂłgicos em indĂ­genas brasileiros de vĂĄrias tribos. Na segunda metade daquele sĂ©culo cientistas brasileiros dedicaram-se ĂĄ publicação do tema com enfoque na antropologia e medicina. O sistema de classificação das cristas de figuras ou padrĂ”es utilizados para a identificação pessoal ou estudos de herança requer procedimentos numĂ©ricos como a contagem de linhas entre pontos especĂ­ficos ou medida de Ăąngulos. Seu estudo Ă© de aplicação forense, antropologia fĂ­sica, biologia humana, genĂ©tica e clĂ­nica mĂ©dica. Atualmente as tecnologias em imagem e computação facilitaram a captação das imagens dermatoglĂ­ficas para fins de identificação pessoal, investigação criminal e controle de indivĂ­duos. Por meio da anĂĄlise e interpretação cientĂ­fica das alteraçÔes dermatoglĂ­ficas, em trĂȘs diferentes mĂ©todos de coleta das imagens digito-palmares, foi avaliada a utilidade do estudo dos dermatĂłglifos em um grupo de escolares da cidade de Curitiba-ParanĂĄ. Os mĂ©todos foram comparados quanto a sua eficĂĄcia de leitura das imagens. Foram coletadas impressĂ”es digito-palmares por mĂ©todo clĂĄssico de impressĂŁo com tinta e realizado escaneamento das mĂŁos com digitalização das imagens. A leitura dermatoglĂ­fica das imagens escaneadas foi estudada pelos mĂ©todos semiautomĂĄtico RIDGECOUNTER e automĂĄtico IMAGO-UFPR. Em um grupo de escolares de ambos os gĂȘneros e nas mĂŁos direita e esquerda foi realizada a comparação dos seguintes parĂąmetros pelos trĂȘs mĂ©todos: a presença de padrĂ”es ou figuras (arco, presilha e verticilo) em cada dĂ­gito palmar, a contagem do nĂșmero de cristas dermatoglĂ­ficas (TRC- contagem do nĂșmero total de cristas) nos dez dĂ­gitos palmares, a posição do trirrĂĄdio axial proximal, a contagem do nĂșmero de cristas entre os trirrĂĄdios palmares (a-b, b-c e c-d), a medida do Ăąngulo atd, a presença dos padrĂ”es dermatoglĂ­ficos (arco, presilha e verticilo) nas ĂĄreas tenares e hipotenares e nas segunda e quarta ĂĄreas interdigitais palmares. Como resultado, quanto aos mĂ©todos, foi constatado que a acurĂĄcia do mĂ©todo com impressĂŁo por tinta dependerĂĄ da tĂ©cnica da tomada da impressĂŁo e da avaliação da imagem (contagem visual), pois estĂĄ sujeita a erros. É mĂ©todo adequado para a anĂĄlise nĂ­vel 1 dos dermatĂłglifos. As imagens escaneadas estĂŁo sujeitas Ă  pressĂŁo a qual podem originar alteraçÔes na vizualização das figuras dos dĂ­gitos, levando a erros na leitura visual e marcação de trirrĂĄdios. É tĂ©cnica adequada para o estudo ao nĂ­vel 1, 2 e 3 dos dermatĂłglifos. O mĂ©todo de leitura semiautomĂĄtico RIDGECOUNTER demonstrou ser mĂ©todo adequado para a captura dos trĂȘs nĂ­veis de avaliação dos dermatĂłglifos. No entanto, esta tĂ©cnica parece nĂŁo ser totalmente adequada por nĂŁo fazer a correção do contraste da imagem escaneada, o que pode prejudicar a leitura e retardar a anĂĄlise das imagens. O mĂ©todo de leitura automĂĄtica IMAGO-UFPR demonstrou ser tĂ©cnica rĂĄpida, com precisĂŁo na contagem das cristas dermatoglĂ­ficas, mas ainda em aperfeiçoamento por apresentar dificuldade na captação e medida de trirrĂĄdios. Nenhum dos mĂ©todos estudados demonstrou ser mais eficiente que o outro na anĂĄlise dos parĂąmetros dermatoglĂ­ficos dĂ­gito-palmares. Quanto aos parĂąmetros dermatoglĂ­ficos analisados neste estudo, foi constatado haver: diferença quanto aos gĂȘneros para a-b, b-c e c-d no mĂ©todo de leitura com tinta, o mesmo ocorrendo no parĂąmetro b-c no mĂ©todo semiautomĂĄtico RIDGECOUNTER e c-d no mĂ©todo IMAGO-UFPR. Foram encontradas diferenças entre mĂŁo direita e esquerda, entre os gĂȘneros para o parĂąmetro a-b no mĂ©todo semiautomĂĄtico RIDGECOUNTER. O Ăąngulo atd apresentou diferença entre mĂŁo direita e esquerda apenas no gĂȘnero masculino no mĂ©todo de leitura IMAGO-UFPR. Estudos futuros deverĂŁo ser mais precisos, a fim de diminuir a margem de erro que possa existir com os diferentes mĂ©todos de leitura das imagens dermatoglĂ­ficas, o que poderĂĄ levar a uma melhor acurĂĄcia nos estudos desta ĂĄrea de pesquisa

    A dermatoglyphic investigation of selected skin disorders

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    This investigation involved the study of qualitative and quantitative digital and palmar traits in patients with various selected skin disorders and normal control subjects. The collection of 3,030 sets of finger and palm prints was carried out. For each set of prints, 135 discrete variables were measured and recorded. The data obtained by this procedure was then subjected to computer aided statistical analysis. The material is presented in the thesis in the following way:-In Chapter One a brief introduction to the theory and history of dermatoglyphic studies is presented along with information concerning the nature of epidermal ridges and their mode of development. A brief description of the skin disorders studied is given in Chapter Two. For each disorder the clinical presentation, aetiology, incidence, pathology and genetics are described. Chapter Three consists of a review of previous research into dermatoglyphics in skin disorders. Chapter Four contains a description of the standardized method used for obtaining the digital and palmar prints. Information about the various sample groups of subjects which were printed is given here. Details of the method of examination of the prints and of the variables measured are also provided. The various forms of statistical analysis applied to the data are described in Chapter Five. The variables computed from the original data, descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analytical procedures are explained in detail. In the next two chapters the results obtained for the main sample of common skin disorders are presented. Chapter Six contains the results for variables on the fingers and Chapter Seven consists of the results for palmar variables. The results of the three smaller studies of rare skin disorders are presented in Chapter Eight. In Chapter Nine the overall conclusions related to the original aims and objectives of the study are presented and discussed. Finally, a critical appraisal of the study is carried out and suggestions are made for improvements and further investigations

    Role of Dermatoglyphics in malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders of the oral cavity: A Cross Sectional study

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    AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study is to identify the genetic predilection of malignant and potentially malignant disorders based on the dermatoglyphics pattern. OBJECTIVES: 1. To compare the dermatoglyphics of A) patients with malignant and potentially malignant disorders of oral cavity, B) patients with habits but without lesion, C) patients without habit and 2. To analyse which dermatoglyphic pattern is common among the patients with malignant and potentially malignant disorders. METHODS: Fingerprints and palm prints were studied in 300 patients from Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital were studied, who were randomly divided into three groups: (A) 100 subjects with OSF, OL and OSCC, (B) 100 patients with habits and no lesions, and (C) 100 healthy controls, for the purpose of finding patterns that could identify patients with PMDs and OSCC. Finger and palm prints were taken by the ink method. Prints were analysed. RESULTS: The results were tested for statistical significance. Weighted kappa statistics were used to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement. It was observed that the arch pattern (9.3%) was pre-dominant in group A compared with control Group B(3.4%) and group C(0.6%) with a decrease in whorl pattern (39.5%) in Group A when compared with the controls group B(45.7%) and group C(50.7%) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The study group demonstrated an decrease in the mean total finger ridge count and ATD angle as compared to the controls and the result was found to be highly significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dermatoglyphics can be implemented as a screening tool in patients with PMDs and OSCC. Thereby, we can identify patients at increased risk for oral cancer so that risk reduction measures or earlier therapy may be instituted

    Studies in human genetics and cytogenetics

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    This thesis consists of 85 publications, of which 21 have been submitted for other degrees and are only included for completeness, leaving 64 assessable works. These fall into four broad categories, population cytogenetics, clinical genetics and cytogenetics, studies on amniotic fluid and prenatal diagnosis, and studies of heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes.The section on population cytogenetics includes most of the Australian studies on XYY males, epidemiological studies on Down syndrome in Australia and studies on the cytogenetics of paediatric necropsies. The clinical cytogenetics section mainly contains clinical case reports, which include a description of one of the first recognised insertional translocations in man, an important paper on trisomy 9 and one of the first discussions of genetic counselling of pericentric inversion carriers. This section also includes papers on gene mapping, alpha-1- antitrypsin phenotypes in chromosome abnormalities with descriptions of a new alpha-1-antitrypsin allele and studies on sister chromatid exchange in various groups of individuals with the documentation of an increase in this phenomenon in patients with multiple sclerosis.The section on prenatal diagnosis includes studies of the enzymology of amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic fluid cells, the discovery of rapidly adhering cells in amniotic fluid and documentation of their increased numbers in amniotic fluid surrounding fetuses with neural tube defects, and studies of chromosomal mosaicism in cultured amniotic fluid cells.The most important section of this thesis is the final one on studies of heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes. This section documents the discovery of the tissue culture requirements for the expression of fragile sites in lymphocyte culture, the finding of several new folate sensitive fragile sites and the co-discovery of the BrdU requiring fragile site at 10q25. Contributions to establishing fragile X-linked mental retardation as the second commonest genetic cause of mental retardation after Down syndrome, and population cytogenetic data for fragile sites are presented. Genetic linkage studies with fragile sites have established that a fragile site is coded for at the locus of the fragile site. Micronucleus studies have suggested that the folate sensitive fragile sites might be special examples of chromosome damage due to deprivation of DNA precursors

    Some applications of genetics in dentistry

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    Genetics is fundamental to an understanding of differences between individuals and between populations. Common minor differences are found within what is generally accepted as the normal range of variation, while relatively unusual but more major differences may be appropriately considered under the heading of pathology. Both major and minor differences occur in terms of structure, function or susceptibility to disease. This submission contains examples of such differences and their exploitation or analysis, most of which fall within the general field of dentistry.A number of observations of inherited dental abnormalities in man and experimental animals are included. These indicate that there can be compensatory interaction between neighbouring tooth germs during development. Based on this interaction, a model to account for differential evolutionary reduction of tooth size is proposed. Studies of regional differentiation in the mouse vertebral column are described, the vertebral column being a series of homologous structures divided into morphological classes in the same way as heterodont dentitions. The effects of a number of inherited disorders of the axial skeleton indicate that vertebral class boundaries in the mouse are established at a very early stage, even before somite formation. The use of dental morphology for population discrimination is discussed in relation to studies of the genetics of dental morphological variation, and a population comparison in which the discriminating power of dental morphology was tested against that provided by known genetic variants.Studies of inherited iron-deficiency anaemia in the mouse are described. They show that the disorder is associated with thinner lingual epithelium than normal and possibly with increased susceptibility to oral candidosis. Different strains of Candida produced different levels of oral colonisation and infection in normal mice, suggesting that susceptibility to candidosis may be related to variation in the microorganism as well as the host. A human family study of Paget's disease of bone is reported. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that Paget's disease is caused by a common virus, with genetic variation for susceptibility to the disease. Also in man, a comparison between carriers of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (in whom manifestations of the disease may be limited to minimal hypodontia) and females with hypodontia for other reasons indicates that carriers may be distinguished from among female hypodontia cases in general by means of a reduced sweat pore count.In the past, various genetic principles have been misapplied in dentistry. Two critiques of such misapplications are included, together with contributions to a review of current dental research, undergraduate and postgraduate dental texts, and a major new medical genetics text

    Aetiological study of mild mental handicap in Southampton schoolchildren

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