Face Recognition Technique Using Gabor Wavelets And Singular Value Decomposition

Gabor Wavelets (GWs) (also known as Gabor filter) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) have been studied extensively in the area of face recognition. In this project, face recognition system is developed using combination of GWs and SVD. Both techniques are used to extract facial features from the human facial image and presented in the form of feature vector. For GWs, only 12 out of 40 GWs are selected to extract facial features from the facial images. This offers the advantage of reducing computational time of feature extraction. As for SVD, only the first five singular values are selected and its associated right singular vectors are used as the facial feature vectors. The use of SVD in addition to the GWs increases the reliability of the face recognition system. In the face verification and matching stage, the similarity level between facial images is determined by computing the distance between the resulting facial feature vectors obtained from GWs and SVD respectively. Overall, the Gabor-SVD based face recognition technique showed constructive and promising result in recognizing the valid user and rejecting invalid users on the JAFFE database

PCA-ANN Face Recognition System based on Photometric Normalization Techniques

The human face is the main focus of attention in social interaction, and is also the major key in conveying identity and emotion of a person. It has the appealing characteristic of not being intrusive as compared with other biometric techniques. The research works on face recognition started in the 1960s with the pioneering work of Bledsoe and Kanade, wh

Facial feature processing using artificial neural networks

Describing a human face is a natural ability used in eveyday life. To the police, a witness description of a suspect is key evidence in the identification of the suspect. However, the process of examining "mug shots" to find a match to the description is tedious and often unfruitful. If a description could be stored with each photograph and used as a searchable index, this would provide a much more effective means of using "mug shots" for identification purposes. A set of descriptive measures have been defined by Shepherd [73] which seek to describe faces in a manner that may be used for just this purpose. This work investigates methods of automatically determining these descriptive measures from digitised images. Analysis is performed on the images to establish the potential for distinguishing between different categories in these descriptions. This reveals that while some of the classifications are relatively linear, others are very non-linear. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), being often used as non-linear classifiers, are considered as a means of automatically performing the classification of the images. As a comparison, simple linear classifiers are also applied to the same problems

A Multi-Stage Classifier for Face Recognition Undertaken by Coarse-to-fine Strategy

Face recognition has been a very active research area for past two decades due to its widely applications such as identity authentication, airport security and access control, surveillance, and video retrieval systems, etc. Numerous approaches have been proposed for face recognition and considerable successes have been reported [1]. A successful face recognitio

Various Approaches of Support vector Machines and combined Classifiers in Face Recognition

In this paper we present the various approaches used in face recognition from 2001-2012.because in last decade face recognition is using in many fields like Security sectors, identity authentication. Today we need correct and speedy performance in face recognition. This time the face recognition technology is in matured stage because research is conducting continuously in this field. Some extensions of Support vector machine (SVM) is reviewed that gives amazing performance in face recognition.Here we also review some papers of combined classifier approaches that is also a dynamic research area in a pattern recognition

Face Recognition Technique Using Gabor Wavelets And Singular Value Decomposition

Gabor Wavelets (GWs) (also known as Gabor filter) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) have been studied extensively in the area of face recognition. In this project, face recognition system is developed using combination of GWs and SVD. Both techniques are used to extract facial features from the human facial image and presented in the form of feature vector. For GWs, only 12 out of 40 GWs are selected to extract facial features from the facial images. This offers the advantage of reducing computational time of feature extraction. As for SVD, only the first five singular values are selected and its associated right singular vectors are used as the facial feature vectors. The use of SVD in addition to the GWs increases the reliability of the face recognition system. In the face verification and matching stage, the similarity level between facial images is determined by computing the distance between the resulting facial feature vectors obtained from GWs and SVD respectively. Overall, the Gabor-SVD based face recognition technique showed constructive and promising result in recognizing the valid user and rejecting invalid users on the JAFFE database

Human face detection in video using edge projections

In this paper, a human face detection method in images and video is presented. After determining possible face candidate regions using color information, each region is filtered by a high-pass filter of a wavelet transform. In this way, edges of the region are highlighted, and a caricature-like representation of candidate regions is obtained. Horizontal, vertical and filter-like projections of the region are used as feature signals in dynamic programming (DP) and support vector machine (SVM) based classifiers. It turns out that the support vector machine based classifier provides better detection rates compared to dynamic programming in our simulation studies

Evaluation and analysis of hybrid intelligent pattern recognition techniques for speaker identification

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The rapid momentum of the technology progress in the recent years has led to a tremendous rise in the use of biometric authentication systems. The objective of this research is to investigate the problem of identifying a speaker from its voice regardless of the content (i.e. text-independent), and to design efficient methods of combining face and voice in producing a robust authentication system. A novel approach towards speaker identification is developed using wavelet analysis, and multiple neural networks including Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), General Regressive Neural Network (GRNN)and Radial Basis Function-Neural Network (RBF NN) with the AND voting scheme. This approach is tested on GRID and VidTIMIT cor-pora and comprehensive test results have been validated with state- of-the-art approaches. The system was found to be competitive and it improved the recognition rate by 15% as compared to the classical Mel-frequency Cepstral Coe±cients (MFCC), and reduced the recognition time by 40% compared to Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Another novel approach using vowel formant analysis is implemented using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Vowel formant based speaker identification is best suitable for real-time implementation and requires only a few bytes of information to be stored for each speaker, making it both storage and time efficient. Tested on GRID and Vid-TIMIT, the proposed scheme was found to be 85.05% accurate when Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) is used to extract the vowel formants, which is much higher than the accuracy of BPNN and GMM. Since the proposed scheme does not require any training time other than creating a small database of vowel formants, it is faster as well. Furthermore, an increasing number of speakers makes it di±cult for BPNN and GMM to sustain their accuracy, but the proposed score-based methodology stays almost linear. Finally, a novel audio-visual fusion based identification system is implemented using GMM and MFCC for speaker identi¯cation and PCA for face recognition. The results of speaker identification and face recognition are fused at different levels, namely the feature, score and decision levels. Both the score-level and decision-level (with OR voting) fusions were shown to outperform the feature-level fusion in terms of accuracy and error resilience. The result is in line with the distinct nature of the two modalities which lose themselves when combined at the feature-level. The GRID and VidTIMIT test results validate that the proposed scheme is one of the best candidates for the fusion of face and voice due to its low computational time and high recognition accuracy

A study of eigenvector based face verification in static images

As one of the most successful application of image analysis and understanding, face recognition has recently received significant attention, especially during the past few years. There are at least two reasons for this trend the first is the wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications and the second is the availability of feasible technologies after 30 years of research. The problem of machine recognition of human faces continues to attract researchers from disciplines such as image processing, pattern recognition, neural networks, computer vision, computer graphics, and psychology. The strong need for user-friendly systems that can secure our assets and protect our privacy without losing our identity in a sea of numbers is obvious. Although very reliable methods of biometric personal identification exist, for example, fingerprint analysis and retinal or iris scans, these methods depend on the cooperation of the participants, whereas a personal identification system based on analysis of frontal or profile images of the face is often effective without the participant’s cooperation or knowledge. The three categories of face recognition are face detection, face identification and face verification. Face Detection means extract the face from total image of the person. Face identification means the input to the system is an unknown face, and the system reports back the determined identity from a database of known individuals. Face verification means the system needs to confirm or reject the claimed identity of the input. My thesis was face verification in static images. Here a static image means the images which are not in motion. The eigenvectors based face verification algorithm gave the results on face verification in static images based upon the eigenvectors and neural network backpropagation algorithm. Eigen vectors are used for give the geometrical information about the faces. First we take 10 images for each person in same angle with different expressions and apply principle component analysis. Here we consider image dimension as 48 x48 then we get 48 eigenvalues. Out of 48 eigenvalues we consider only 10 highest eigenvaues corresponding eigenvectors. These eigenvectors are given as input to the neural network for training. Here we used backpropagation algorithm for training the neural network. After completion of training we give an image which is in different angle for testing purpose. Here we check the verification rate (the rate at which legitimate users is granted access) and false acceptance rate (the rate at which imposters are granted access). Here neural network take more time for training purpose. The proposed algorithm gives the results on face verification in static images based upon the eigenvectors and neural network modified backpropagation algorithm. In modified backpropagation algorithm momentum term is added for decrease the training time. Here for using the modified backpropagation algorithm verification rate also slightly increased and false acceptance rate also slightly decreased