145 research outputs found

    Hemodynamic Quantifications By Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound:From In-Vitro Modelling To Clinical Validation

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    Hemodynamic Quantifications By Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound:From In-Vitro Modelling To Clinical Validation

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    50 Years of quantum chromodynamics – Introduction and Review

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    Biosystems and Food Engineering Research Review 28

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    The Twenty Eighth Annual Research Review describes the ongoing research programme in the School of Biosystems and Food Engineering at University College Dublin over the academic year 2022/23, from the collective research body within the school comprising our academic staff, technical staff, research staff and our early-stage researchers. The research programme covers two main focal areas: Food and Process Engineering as well as Energy and the Environment. Each of these areas is divided into sub-themes as indicated in the Table of Contents, which also includes the name of the research scholar (in bold); the title of the research and the nature of the research programme. The review also highlights the award winners for presentational excellence at the 28th Annual Biosystems and Food Engineering Research Seminar, which was held online in virtual format on Thursday 16th March 2023. The awardees for 2023 are listed in the Appendix A

    Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1

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    This open-access book empowers its readers to explore the acoustic world of animals. By listening to the sounds of nature, we can study animal behavior, distribution, and demographics; their habitat characteristics and needs; and the effects of noise. Sound recording is an efficient and affordable tool, independent of daylight and weather; and recorders may be left in place for many months at a time, continuously collecting data on animals and their environment. This book builds the skills and knowledge necessary to collect and interpret acoustic data from terrestrial and marine environments. Beginning with a history of sound recording, the chapters provide an overview of off-the-shelf recording equipment and analysis tools (including automated signal detectors and statistical methods); audiometric methods; acoustic terminology, quantities, and units; sound propagation in air and under water; soundscapes of terrestrial and marine habitats; animal acoustic and vibrational communication; echolocation; and the effects of noise. This book will be useful to students and researchers of animal ecology who wish to add acoustics to their toolbox, as well as to environmental managers in industry and government

    Dynamics of flood-regulating ecosystem services in urban areas: modelling heavy rainfall, climate change impacts and benefits of nature-based solutions

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    Urban areas are particularly affected by pluvial flooding caused by heavy rainfall. To protect humans against flooding, ecosystems can provide important natural flood-regulating functions as services, so-called ecosystem services (ES). However, due to climate change, heavy rainfall is projected to increase in intensity and frequency in the future. While ES are affected by climate change, they simultaneously serve as part of the solution to mitigate climate change. ES can be enhanced by further actions such as Nature-based Solutions. In this light, there is a need to go beyond common flood-regulating ES assessment of fluvial floods more towards urban flood-regulating ES assessment for heavy rainfall. Therefore, the overreaching objective of this study is to improve the knowledge and methods of urban flood-regulating ES for heavy rainfall under changing climate conditions and the contribution of Nature-based Solutions. More specifically, this thesis 1) identifies limitations of existing methods and proposes approaches to overcome these for flood-regulating ES in urban areas, 2) presents a framework to conduct a mismatch analysis of urban flood-regulating ES supply and demand for heavy rainfall, and 3) investigates the future functionality of flood-regulating ES and contribution of Nature-based Solutions under todays and possible future climate conditions. The first part of the thesis discusses and compares a hydraulic model and an area-based indicator approach to quantify fluvial flood-regulating ES. The approaches are not transferable to the urban environment and pluvial flood events, since they miss some crucial hydrological processes for flood regulation, such as infiltration and interception. Therefore, a hydrological model was developed that considers vegetation-related hydrological processes and a 2D surface runoff simulation on the scale of single landscape elements. A calibration and validation of the model showed a good match of peak flow, interception, and a plausible surface routing. Based on these findings, a framework for a mismatch analysis of flood-regulating ES supply and demand at the urban scale of heavy rainfall events is presented. ES supply indicators are interception and infiltration from the hydrological model output. The supply by interception was higher than infiltration. ES potential demand was assessed by a comprehensive set of different socio-economic indicators and turned into an actual demand when the area was flooded. A supply surplus was indicated in green areas, while sealed land uses had a surplus of demand. Lastly, a scenario analysis showed that land use structures reached a capacity limit of flood-regulating ES for current climate conditions. Although Nature-based Solutions increased the ES supply, reduced runoff, and consequently ES demand, their capacity under higher rainfall events was limited, since they could not completely prevent flooding. Finally, flood-regulating ES assessment for urban areas and heavy rainfall under changing climate conditions is emphasized. Nature-based Solutions can be used for adapting to climate change but they need to be tested for their future functional suitability under changing climate conditions. Mapping ES supply and demand and their changes are particularly important for urban planning to better understand the impact of climate change and to improve the knowledge of Nature-based Solutions contribution.Städte sind besonders anfällig für Überschwemmungen verursacht durch Starkregen. Um Schäden zu vermeide oder zu verringern und Menschen zu schützen, können Ökosysteme wichtige natürliche Hochwasserregulierungsleistungen erbringen - sogenannte Ökosystem-leistungen (ÖSL). Zukünftige Starkniederschläge werden aufgrund des Klimawandels in Intensität und Häufigkeit zunehmen, wodurch die Anpassung an diese Folgen an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dabei können flutregulierende ÖSL durch weitere Maßnahmen verbessert werden. Das übergreifende Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand und Methoden zur Bewertung flutregulierender ÖSL für Starkregenereignisse im städtischen Umfeld unter veränderten Klimabedingungen und den Beitrag von Anpassungsmaßnahmen auszubauen. Konkret werden in dieser Arbeit 1) die Grenzen bestehender Methoden zur Erfassung flutregulierender ÖSL aufgezeigt und Ansätze zur weiteren Entwicklung vorgeschlagen, 2) ein methodisches Konzept zur Durchführung einer Vergleichsanalyse von Angebot und Nachfrage flutregulierender ÖSL für Starkregen in Städten vorgestellt, und 3) die Funktionstauglichkeit flutregulierender ÖSL und weiteren Anpassungsmaßnahmen unter veränderten Klimabedingungen untersucht. Im ersten Schritt wird ein hydraulisches Modell und ein flächenbasierter Indikatoransatz zur Quantifizierung von Flusshochwasser-regulierenden ÖSL verglichen. Beide Ansätze können nicht direkt in den städtischen Raum übertragen werden, da wichtige hydrologische Prozesse, wie Interzeption und Infiltration, unberücksichtigt bleiben. Deshalb wurde ein hydrologisches Modell entwickelt, das Interzeption, Infiltration und Oberflächenabflussprozesse auf der Basis einzelner Landschaftselemente berücksichtigt. Auf dieser Grundlage wurde ein Konzept zur Analyse von Ungleichheiten in Angebot und Nachfrage flutregulierender ÖSL im städtischen Raum für Starkniederschläge erstellt. Als Indikatoren für das ÖSL-Angebot dienten Interzeption und Bodenwasser, berechnet mit dem hydrologischen Modell. Die potenzielle Nachfrage leitet sich aus verschiedenen sozioökonomischen Indikatoren ab. Aus der potentiellen Nachfrage wird eine aktuelle Nachfrage, wenn die zugehörige Fläche tatsächlich überschwemmt wird. Die Ergebnisse im Untersuchungsgebiet zeigen ein größeres Angebot durch Interzeption, als durch Bodenwasserspeicherung. Grünflächen wiesen generell ein Angebotsüberschuss, versiegelte Flächen hingegen eine erhöhte Nachfrage auf. Szenario Analysen zeigten, dass heutige Landnutzungsstrukturen bereits ihre flutregulierende ÖSL Kapazität erreicht haben und intensivere Starkregen zu extremeren Überschwemmungen und folglich einer erhöhten aktuellen Nachfrage führen. ÖSL-Angebote konnten durch weitere Anpassungsmaßnahmen erhöht werden, wodurch sich der Abfluss und die aktuelle ÖSL-Nachfrage verringerten. Allerdings ist auch die ÖSL Kapazität der gewählten Anpassungs-maßnahmen begrenzt, so dass Überflutungen unter intensiveren Starkregen nicht gänzlich zu verhindern sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kartierung von ÖSL Angebot und Nachfrage für die Stadtplanung von Bedeutung sein kann, um den Einfluss des Klimawandels und Effekte von Anpassungsmaßnahmen besser zu verstehen und entsprechend anpassen zu können

    Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma

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    This reprint is related to the latest research in the field of thyroid surgery, including molecular and imaging diagnosis, surgical treatment, and the treatment of recurrent disease and advanced thyroid carcinoma

    EG-ICE 2021 Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

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    The 28th EG-ICE International Workshop 2021 brings together international experts working at the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolutions to support multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways
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