492 research outputs found

    Least-square based recursive optimization for distance-based source localization

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    In this paper we study the problem of driving an agent to an unknown source whose location is estimated in real-time by a recursive optimization algorithm. The optimization criterion is subject to a least-square cost function constructed from the distance measurements to the target combined with the agent's self-odometry. In this work, two important issues concerning real world application are directly addressed, which is a discrete-time recursive algorithm for concurrent control and estimation, and consideration for input saturation. It is proven that with proper choices of the system's parameters, stability of all system states, including on-board estimator variables and the agent-target relative position can be achieved. The convergence of the agent's position to the target is also investigated via numerical simulation

    Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 141)

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    This special bibliography lists 267 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1975

    Line-of-sight iceberg edge-following using an AUV equipped with multibeam sonar

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    Obtaining 3D information about ice features, like icebergs, are of interest to researchers and offshore operators moving into the Arctic. Icebergs are affected by wind, and ocean currents, and can have unpredictable drift patterns, causing challenges when it comes to mapping objectives. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with multibeam echosounders are suitable for obtaining measurements of the underwater geometry of icebergs, but advances in autonomy are needed to map drifting icebergs reliably. This paper details a guidance algorithm for detecting and circumnavigating an iceberg - following the iceberg edge. The guidance scheme is implemented as a state machine, starting in an iceberg detection-mode. Once an iceberg is detected, the AUV will enter a mapping-mode. An edge detection algorithm will determine the position of the edge, and a line-of-sight approach will be used for edge-following. A six degree-of-freedom AUV simulator is used to perform a simulation study, to show how AUV dynamics affect the results. The simulation study presented shows the algorithm's effectiveness, both when the iceberg is assumed stationary, and when the iceberg is drifting and rotating with constant velocity

    An Intelligent Obstacle and Edge Recognition System using Bug Algorithm

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    Obstacle avoidance is an important task in robotics as the autonomous robot's aim is to reach the destination without collision.  One type of autonomous robot that can detect obstacles and edges and take alternative paths free of obstacles and edges is a real-time obstacle avoiding edge detection robot. This paper proposes a robotic Robot with an intelligence built into it that guides itself whenever an obstacle comes along its way by bug algorithm. This robotic Robot is constructed using AT mega 8 families’ micro-controller (Arduino Uno R3). The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle with edges and sends a command to the microcontroller. The micro-controller, based on the received input signal, redirects the robot to push in an alternative direction by actuating the motors that are interfaced with it via a motor driver. Depending on the situation the robot is able to choose the correct path [1]. A decision making process of obstacle avoiding edge detection occurs spontaneously here. This robot was designed to think about its day-to-day potentialities

    Optimal control of nonlinear partially-unknown systems with unsymmetrical input constraints and its applications to the optimal UAV circumnavigation problem

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    Aimed at solving the optimal control problem for nonlinear systems with unsymmetrical input constraints, we present an online adaptive approach for partially unknown control systems/dynamics. The designed algorithm converges online to the optimal control solution without the knowledge of the internal system dynamics. The optimality of the obtained control policy and the stability for the closed-loop dynamic optimality are proved theoretically. The proposed method greatly relaxes the assumption on the form of the internal dynamics and input constraints in previous works. Besides, the control design framework proposed in this paper offers a new approach to solve the optimal circumnavigation problem involving a moving target for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The control performance of our method is compared with that of the existing circumnavigation control law in a numerical simulation and the simulation results validate the effectiveness of our algorithm

    Non-Rayleigh acoustic scattering characteristics of individual fish and zooplankton

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    Author Posting. © IEEE, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of IEEE for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 29 (2004): 260-268, doi:10.1109/JOE.2004.828208.It has long been known that the statistical properties of acoustic echoes from individual fish can have non-Rayleigh characteristics. The statistical properties of echoes from zooplankton are generally less understood. In this study, echoes from individual fish and zooplankton from a series of laboratory measurements from the past decade are investigated. In the experiments, acoustic echoes from various individual organisms were measured over a wide range of frequencies and orientations, typically in 1/spl deg/-3/spl deg/ increments. In the analysis in this paper, the echoes from most of those measurements are grouped according to ranges of orientation, which correspond to typical orientation distributions of these organisms in the natural ocean environment. This grouping provides a distribution of echo values for each range of orientation. This approach, in essence, emulates a field experiment whereby distributions of echoes would be recorded for different distributions of orientations of the organisms. For both the fish and zooplankton data, there are conditions under which the echoes are strongly non-Rayleigh distributed. In some cases, the distribution is quantitatively connected to the physics of the scattering process while, in other cases, the connection is described qualitatively. Exploitation of the animal-specific statistics for classification purposes is suggested
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