Estudio preliminar de la aplicación de varias técnicas de comunicación en diseños circulares

Comunicació presentada al 23rd International Congress on Project Management and Engineering (Málaga, 10-12 July 2019).An effective Circular Economy strategy comprises demonstrate practical application, by including real life examples and emphasizing with data and facts. The communication strategy is addressed during the design process and designers have to think about the product/service and about how communicating it. To reach a broader impact, techniques like creative storytelling or educational messages are needed. This work aims to know the ease or difficulty for industrial design engineering students in the application of these techniques to effectively communicate the advantages of a design based in the Circular Economy. To address this, a workshop has been done to explain basic notions about circular economy and consumptions patterns and trends. Then, communication techniques were explained, using examples. The workshop proceeded asking the students to apply these techniques for emphasizing the advantages of a circular product, working in groups. Finally, a questionnaire was passed to evaluate their opinion about the communication techniques applied. At the end, a debate was conducted about their perception about the importance of communication in designs based in circular economy.Una estrategia de Economía Circular efectiva requiere mostrar aplicación práctica, incluyendo ejemplos de la vida real y enfatizando con datos y hechos. La estrategia de comunicación se aborda durante el proceso de diseño y los diseñadores deben pensar en el producto/servicio y en cómo comunicarlo. Para conseguir un mayor impacto, es necesaria la aplicación de técnicas como narración creativa de historias o los mensajes educativos. Este trabajo pretende conocer la facilidad o dificultad que tienen estudiantes de ingeniería en diseño industrial en aplicar estas técnicas para comunicar de forma efectiva las ventajas de un diseño basado en la economía circular. Para ello, se ha programado un taller en el que se introdujo la economía circular y los patrones de consumo y tendencias de mercado relacionados con ésta. Después se les explicaron las técnicas de comunicación, mostrando un ejemplo. A continuación, se les ha pedido que apliquen, trabajando en grupo, cada técnica de comunicación para enfatizar las ventajas de un producto circular. Finalmente, se les pasó un cuestionario de evaluación sobre su opinión acerca de las técnicas de comunicación aplicadas. También se debatió sobre su percepción en cuanto a la importancia de la comunicación en diseños basados en la economía circular

A Process Planning Method and Data Format for Achieving Tolerances in Stereolithography

When building parts in a stereolithography apparatus (SLA), the user is faced with many decis!ons regarding the setting of process variables. To 'achieve a set of tolera~ces as closely as pOSSIble, relationships between part geometry, tolerances, and process v~nables ~ust be understood quantitatively. This paper presents a method for SLA process plannIng that IS based on response surface methodology and multi-objective optimization, where the response surfaces capture these relationships. These response surfaces were generated by extensive design-of-experiment studies for a variety of geometries. An annotated STL data format is also presented that enables the inclusion of tolerance and surface information in fatetted representations. Application of the data format and process planning method is illustrated on one part.Mechanical Engineerin

The modern tools of quantum mechanics (A tutorial on quantum states, measurements, and operations)

This tutorial is devoted to review the modern tools of quantum mechanics, which are suitable to describe states, measurements, and operations of realistic, not isolated, systems in interaction with their environment, and with any kind of measuring and processing devices. We underline the central role of the Born rule and and illustrate how the notion of density operator naturally emerges, together the concept of purification of a mixed state. In reexamining the postulates of standard quantum measurement theory, we investigate how they may formally generalized, going beyond the description in terms of selfadjoint operators and projective measurements, and how this leads to the introduction of generalized measurements, probability operator-valued measures (POVM) and detection operators. We then state and prove the Naimark theorem, which elucidates the connections between generalized and standard measurements and illustrates how a generalized measurement may be physically implemented. The "impossibility" of a joint measurement of two non commuting observables is revisited and its canonical implementations as a generalized measurement is described in some details. Finally, we address the basic properties, usually captured by the request of unitarity, that a map transforming quantum states into quantum states should satisfy to be physically admissible, and introduce the notion of complete positivity (CP). We then state and prove the Stinespring/Kraus-Choi-Sudarshan dilation theorem and elucidate the connections between the CP-maps description of quantum operations, together with their operator-sum representation, and the customary unitary description of quantum evolution. We also address transposition as an example of positive map which is not completely positive, and provide some examples of generalized measurements and quantum operations.Comment: Tutorial. 26 pages, 1 figure. Published in a special issue of EPJ - ST devoted to the memory of Federico Casagrand