30,146 research outputs found
Causality Problem in a Holographic Dark Energy Model
In the model of holographic dark energy, there is a notorious problem of
circular reasoning between the introduction of future event horizon and the
accelerating expansion of the universe. We examine the problem after dividing
into two parts, the causality problem of the equation of motion and the
circular logic on the use of the future event horizon. We specify and isolate
the root of the problem from causal equation of motion as a boundary condition,
which can be determined from the initial data of the universe. We show that
there is no violation of causality if it is defined appropriately and the
circular logic problem can be reduced to an initial value problem.Comment: 5 page
Contract agreements via logic
We relate two contract models: one based on event structures and game theory,
and the other one based on logic. In particular, we show that the notions of
agreement and winning strategies in the game-theoretic model are related to
that of provability in the logical model.Comment: In Proceedings ICE 2013, arXiv:1310.401
(WP 2016-05) Hodgson, Cumulative Causation, and Reflexive Economic Agents
This paper examines Geoff Hodgson’s interpretation of Veblen in agency-structure terms, and argues it produces a conception of reflexive economic agents. It then sets out an account of cumulative causation processes using this reflexive agent conception, modeling them as a two-part causal process, one part involving a linear causal relation and one part involving a circular causal relation. The paper compares the reflexive agent conception to the standard expected utility conception of economic agents, and argues that on a cumulative causation view of the world the completeness assumption essential to the standard view of rationality cannot be applied. The final discussion addresses the nature of the choice behavior of reflexive economic agents, using the thinking of Amartya Sen and Herbert Simon to frame how agents might approach choice in regard to each of the two different parts of cumulative causal processes, and closing with brief comments on behavioral economics’ understanding of reference dependence and position adjustment
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