210,843 research outputs found
Ancient astronomical instrument from Srubna burial of kurgan field Tavriya-1 (Northern Black Sea Coast)
The article presents the results of analysis of the spatial arrangement of
the wells on the unique slab from Srubna burial of kurgan field Tavriya-1
(Rostov region, Russia) by astronomical methods. At the slab revealed two
interrelated groups of wells, one of which - in the form of a circle, is
proposed to interpret how analemmatic sundial, and second group, consisting of
disparate wells, as auxiliary astronomical markers of rising luminaries
directions, to correct the position of the gnomon. Simultaneous location of
both groups of wells on the same slab is a possible indication of one of the
stages of development of the design features analemmatic sundial - setting
movable gnomon and technology of measuring time with it. It may point to local
origin, as the very idea of analemmatic sundial as well technology measurement
of time with them. The article also describes the model analemmatic sundial,
hour marks which in many cases coincide with the wells arranged in a circle,
particularly in a working range from 6 to 18 hours. In the study proposed a
method which can identify moments of solstices and equinoxes in ancient times
with the help of the gnomon of analemmatic sundial and mobile gnomons,
installed in wells belonging to the second group. The opportunity of use
analemmatic sundial as moondial in a full moon night. Slab with two groups of
wells is proposed to consider, as the oldest astronomical instrument discovered
in the Northern Black Sea coast, which allowed to observe the apparent motion
of the Sun and the Moon and allowed measure the time during the day, using
analemmatic sundial and at night during the full Moon - with the help of
moondial. Keywords: analemmatic sundial, moondial, srubna burial, slab, wells,
cupped depressions, gnomon, model, technology, astronomical methods,
archaeoastronomy.Comment: Published version of the articl
Fisher's zeros of quasi-Gaussian densities of states
We discuss apparent paradoxes regarding the location of the zeros of the
partition function in the complex plane (Fisher's zeros) of a pure
SU(2) lattice gauge theory in 4 dimensions. We propose a new criterion to draw
the region of the complex plane where reweighting methods can be
trusted when the density of states is almost but not exactly Gaussian. We
propose new methods to infer the existence of zeros outside of this region. We
demonstrate the reliability of these proposals with quasi Gaussian Monte Carlo
distributions where the locations of the zeros can be calculated by independent
numerical methods. The results are presented in such way that the methods can
be applied for general lattice models. Applications to specific lattice models
will be discussed in a separate publication.Comment: 11 pages, 21 figures, with minor correction
Observation of small scale structure using sextupole lensing
Weak gravitational lensing seeks to determine shear by measuring induced
quadrupole (elliptical) shapes in background galaxy images. Small impact
parameter (a few kpc) gravitational lensing by foreground core masses between 2
10^{9} and 2 10^{12} M_\odot will additionally induce a sextupole shape with
the quadrupole and sextupole minima aligned. This correlation in relative
orientation of the quadrupole and sextupole provides a sensitive method to
identify images which have been slightly curved by lensing events. A general
theoretical framework for sextupole lensing is developed which includes several
low order coefficients in a general lensing map. Tools to impute map
coefficients from the galaxy images are described and applied to the north
Hubble deep field. Instrumental PSFs, camera charge diffusion, and image
composition methods are modelled in the coefficient determination process.
Estimates of Poisson counting noise for each galaxy are used to cut galaxies
with signals too small to reliably establish curvature. Curved galaxies are
found to be spatially clumped, as would be expected if the curving were due to
small impact parameter lensing by localized ensembles of dark matter haloes.
Simulations provide an estimate of the total required lensing mass and the
acceptable mass range of the constituent haloes. The overdensities and
underdensities of visible galaxies and their locations in the Hubble foreground
is found to be consistent with our observations and their interpretation as
lensing events.Comment: 40 pages, 44 figure
Mixed Polling with Rerouting and Applications
Queueing systems with a single server in which customers wait to be served at
a finite number of distinct locations (buffers/queues) are called discrete
polling systems. Polling systems in which arrivals of users occur anywhere in a
continuum are called continuous polling systems. Often one encounters a
combination of the two systems: the users can either arrive in a continuum or
wait in a finite set (i.e. wait at a finite number of queues). We call these
systems mixed polling systems. Also, in some applications, customers are
rerouted to a new location (for another service) after their service is
completed. In this work, we study mixed polling systems with rerouting. We
obtain their steady state performance by discretization using the known pseudo
conservation laws of discrete polling systems. Their stationary expected
workload is obtained as a limit of the stationary expected workload of a
discrete system. The main tools for our analysis are: a) the fixed point
analysis of infinite dimensional operators and; b) the convergence of Riemann
sums to an integral.
We analyze two applications using our results on mixed polling systems and
discuss the optimal system design. We consider a local area network, in which a
moving ferry facilitates communication (data transfer) using a wireless link.
We also consider a distributed waste collection system and derive the optimal
collection point. In both examples, the service requests can arrive anywhere in
a subset of the two dimensional plane. Namely, some users arrive in a
continuous set while others wait for their service in a finite set. The only
polling systems that can model these applications are mixed systems with
rerouting as introduced in this manuscript.Comment: to appear in Performance Evaluatio
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