Acoustical Behavior Of Churches: Mudejar-Gothic Churches

Christian churches have traditionally been considered to have very good acoustical behavior. This unfounded belief has led to important en-on in church rehabilitation works, especially when the church is to be used subsequently as an auditorium or theater; this is the case of many churches in Spain. Our research group has worked in acoustical analysis for more than ten years. We have participated in many cases of church rehabilitation and have had the opp&unity to achieve surprisingly good acwstical behavior in several. We deal with a very common type in southern Spain: Gothic-Mudejar churches, which have a small volume, a triple-nave layout, and wooden ceilings

Conflicts Within the Black Churches

This essay examines conflicts concerning sex, sexuality, and gender within Black churches. Black churches are American Protestant churches with a predominantly Black leadership and congregation. Often serving the oppressed and underprivileged, Black churches have a history not only of providing for the spiritual needs of Black Americans, but also of fighting for social justice. Increasingly, controversies have begun to emerge within these churches, about gender equality, HIV/AIDS and safer sex education, and, perhaps the most controversial, about homosexuality and same-sex marriage. This essay discusses how Black churches have responded to these issues and the impact that HIV/AIDS has had on this response. Additionally, examples of the role of women and sexual minorities in Black church denominations and congregations will be provided

Dust obscuration studies along quasar sight lines using simulated galaxies

We use the results of a set of three-dimensional SPH-Treecode simulations which model the formation and early evolution of disk galaxies, including the generation of heavy elements by star formation, to investigate the effects of dust absorption in quasar absorption line systems. Using a simple prescription for the production of dust, we have compared the column density, zinc abundance and optical depth properties of our models to the known properties of Damped Lyman alpha systems. We find that a significant fraction of our model galaxy disks have a higher column density than any observed DLA system. We are also able to show that such parts of the disk tend to be optically thick, implying that any background quasar would be obscured through much of the disk. This would produce the selection effect against the denser absorption systems thought to be present in observations.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to be published in MNRA

Is the East-West Political Bipolarity the Foundation of the Ecumenical Movement? The Cold War as a Meta-Narrative of the World Council of Churches

Excerpt: ...the following remarks provide an overview of the role of churches during the Cold War. Very often, the role of churches will be represented by developments and discussions within the WCC, which can be understood as a sort of role model, because it provided the bell for similar developments in the Western and Northern European countries. Three topics were prioritized. First was the dilemma of an ecumenism between the East and West in the early phase of the Cold War during the late 1940s and 1950s, which accompanied the founding of the World Council of Churches in 1948. Second, was the position of the World Council of Churches in the period of detente after the late 1960s. And third, was the issue of political instrumentalization of the World Council of Churches during the Cold War period. For them all, the Cold War formed a kind of meta-history, because its implicit antagonism between the West and East, between two different political systems and its various phases also shaped the great debates, controversies, and directional decisions of the churches

The Role of the African Church Movement in Nigeria’s Independence

There are some churches in Nigeria that have an African outlook and characteristics. These churches are fully under African leadership, most of them were founded in the 1960s and 1950s. Most of them broke off from the orthodox and white dominated churches as a result of oppression by the whites and a desire for freedom and independence. These churches make up the African church movement. They played an important role in the attainment of Nigeria’s independence. This paper looks at the meaning, the role of the movement in Nigeria’s independence and the place of other factors in Nigeria’s independence

Business at law: retrieving commercial disputes from eighteenth-century Chancery

Recent work on the records of civil litigation in the central courts of Westminster has refined and extended our knowledge of levels of litigation and the types of dispute pursued at law in early modern England. This article discusses two interrelated business disputes at the port of Whitehaven in the first half of the eighteenth century pursued by two of its prominent merchants, both frequent litigants in a period when litigation overall was declining, and suggests some reasons for that decline. It matches the formal court records of King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Chancery with some illuminating, often acerbic, private correspondence, thereby exploring the process and background of litigation, and demonstrating how a third party could influence the conduct and direction of the disputes, while himself remaining almost invisible in the formal legal record.Christine Churche

Drawing and painting on pottery forms

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