697,855 research outputs found
Prediction feedback in intelligent traffic systems
The optimal information feedback has a significant effect on many
socioeconomic systems like stock market and traffic systems aiming to make full
use of resources. In this paper, we studied dynamics of traffic flow with
real-time information provided and the influence of a feedback strategy named
prediction feedback strategy is introduced, based on a two-route scenario in
which dynamic information can be generated and displayed on the board to guide
road users to make a choice. Our model incorporates the effects of adaptability
into the cellular automaton models of traffic flow and simulation results
adopting this optimal information feedback strategy have demonstrated high
efficiency in controlling spatial distribution of traffic patterns compared
with the other three information feedback strategies, i.e., vehicle number and
flux.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure
Effects of Prediction Feedback in Multi-Route Intelligent Traffic Systems
We first study the influence of an efficient feedback strategy named
prediction feedback strategy (PFS) based on a multi-route scenario in which
dynamic information can be generated and displayed on the board to guide road
users to make a choice. In this scenario, our model incorporates the effects of
adaptability into the cellular automaton models of traffic flow. Simulation
results adopting this optimal information feedback strategy have demonstrated
high efficiency in controlling spatial distribution of traffic patterns
compared with the other three information feedback strategies, i.e., vehicle
number and flux. At the end of this paper, we also discuss in what situation
PFS will become invalid in multi-route systems.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, Physica A (2010),
doi:10.1016/j.physa.2010.02.03
Constructive Preference Elicitation over Hybrid Combinatorial Spaces
Preference elicitation is the task of suggesting a highly preferred
configuration to a decision maker. The preferences are typically learned by
querying the user for choice feedback over pairs or sets of objects. In its
constructive variant, new objects are synthesized "from scratch" by maximizing
an estimate of the user utility over a combinatorial (possibly infinite) space
of candidates. In the constructive setting, most existing elicitation
techniques fail because they rely on exhaustive enumeration of the candidates.
A previous solution explicitly designed for constructive tasks comes with no
formal performance guarantees, and can be very expensive in (or unapplicable
to) problems with non-Boolean attributes. We propose the Choice Perceptron, a
Perceptron-like algorithm for learning user preferences from set-wise choice
feedback over constructive domains and hybrid Boolean-numeric feature spaces.
We provide a theoretical analysis on the attained regret that holds for a large
class of query selection strategies, and devise a heuristic strategy that aims
at optimizing the regret in practice. Finally, we demonstrate its effectiveness
by empirical evaluation against existing competitors on constructive scenarios
of increasing complexity.Comment: AAAI 2018, computing methodologies, machine learning, learning
paradigms, supervised learning, structured output
Agreement strategies among Malaysian Chinese speakers of English
This research aims to discover the agreement strategies adopted by Malaysian Chinese speakers of English
in an academic discussion. Using Brown and Levinsonās (1987) Politeness Principle and Speech Acts as
frameworks, it seeks to find out the reasons governing their choice of agreement strategies. Student
discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Review sessions were also carried out to gain insight
into the speakersā choice of strategies. Analysis of the data revealed five agreement strategies employed by
the students during a discussion. During the discussions, the students expressed the speech act of agreement,
which support the hearerās positive face, by directly agreeing with the previous speaker, building upon the
previous speakerās turn, completing and repeating part of the previous speakerās utterance and giving
positive feedback. Of all the strategies, the most often employed and is sustained throughout the discussions
is positive feedback. This is followed by building upon utterances, completion of the previous speakerās
utterance and direct agreement. Apart from the Chinese cultural values which may influence the groupās
agreement strategies, the findings also reveal that gender has an influence in the participantsā choice of
agreement strategies since four out of the five strategies are mainly employed by the female participants. In
sum, Malaysian Chinese speakers of English have their own communicative style when expressing
agreement acts which is influenced by their cultural values and gender
When Ignoring Negative Feedback Is Functional:Presenting a Model of Motivated Feedback Disengagement
Contrary to popular belief, negative feedback occasionally hinders performance improvements. Investigations targeting this feedback-performance gap usually rest on two assumptions: (a) Feedback recipients want to improve their performance (have an improvement goal), and (b) feedback recipients engage with the negative feedback. We argue that people sometimes disengage from negative feedback for hedonic-goal attainment (to feel good). To explain such functional feedback disengagement, we conceptualize feedback processing from an emotion-regulation perspective, the model of motivated feedback disengagement. We posit that feedback-induced negative affect may render hedonic goals more salient than improvement goals, motivating emotion regulation. After forming the intention to regulate their emotions, feedback recipients select and implement an emotion-regulation strategy. We consider two common engagement strategies (reappraisal and feedback focus) and two common disengagement strategies (distraction and feedback removal). These strategies differentially impact recipientsā affect and feedback processing. Strategy-, person-, and situation-related factors influence strategy choice. Feedback processing is cyclical and dynamically unfolds over time. The model provides novel directions for future investigations and practical implications for stakeholders in negative-feedback contexts
Control Strategies for the Fokker-Planck Equation
Using a projection-based decoupling of the Fokker-Planck equation, control
strategies that allow to speed up the convergence to the stationary
distribution are investigated. By means of an operator theoretic framework for
a bilinear control system, two different feedback control laws are proposed.
Projected Riccati and Lyapunov equations are derived and properties of the
associated solutions are given. The well-posedness of the closed loop systems
is shown and local and global stabilization results, respectively, are
obtained. An essential tool in the construction of the controls is the choice
of appropriate control shape functions. Results for a two dimensional double
well potential illustrate the theoretical findings in a numerical setup
Investigating the Effects of Performance Feedback and Choice as a Writing Fluency Intervention
Despite a need for more support in the area of writing, few interventions currently exist to target elementary studentsā writing fluency skills. Performance feedback has been identified as an effective intervention used to increase studentsā writing productivity. Additionally, the use of choice as a writing fluency intervention has recently been identified as a viable option. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of combining performance feedback plus choice as a writing fluency intervention on the writing skills of eight third grade students. Using standard curriculum-based measure written expression procedures, students were provided performance feedback, choice, and the combination of the two strategies. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, with withdrawal phases, baseline levels of total words written (TWW) on curriculum based measures were compared across each intervention phase for each student, in addition to one follow-up probe. Results demonstrated improvements in all eight studentsā TWW over the course of the study. Overall, this study provides strong evidence that the combination of performance feedback plus choice results in increases in studentsā writing productivity
Complex evolutionary systems in behavioral finance
Traditional finance is built on the rationality paradigm. This chapter discusses simple models from an alternative approach in which financial markets are viewed as complex evolutionary systems. Agents are boundedly rational and base their investment decisions upon market forecasting heuristics. Prices and beliefs about future prices co-evolve over time with mutual feedback. Strategy choice is driven by evolutionary selection, so that agents tend to adopt strategies that were successful in the past. Calibration of "simple complexity models" with heterogeneous expectations to real financial market data and laboratory experiments with human subjects are also discussed.
Evidence combination for multi-point query learning in content-based image retrieval
In multipoint query learning a number of query representatives are selected based on the positive feedback samples. The similarity score to a multipoint query is obtained from merging the individual scores. In this paper, we investigate three different combination strategies and present a comparative evaluation of their performance. Results show that the performance of multipoint queries relies heavily on the right choice of settings for the fusion. Unlike previous results, suggesting that multipoint queries generally perform better than a single query representation, our evaluation results do not allow such an overall conclusion. Instead our study points to the type of queries for which query expansion is better suited than a single query, and vice versa
Optimal consumption policies in illiquid markets
We investigate optimal consumption policies in the liquidity risk model introduced in Pham and Tankov (2007). Our main result is to derive smoothness results for the value functions of the portfolio/consumption choice problem. As an important consequence, we can prove the existence of the optimal control (portfolio/consumption strategy) which we characterize both in feedback form in terms of the derivatives of the value functions and as the solution of a second-order ODE. Finally, numerical illustrations of the behavior of optimal consumption strategies between two trading dates are given.Illiquid market; optimal consumption; integrodifferential equations; viscosity solutions; semiconcavity; sub(super) differentials; optimal control
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