Science Press, Beijing, China: Fauna Sinica Arachnida: Araneae [Rezension]

a) Song Daxiang & Zhu Mingsheng: Thomisidae, Philodromidae. 1997, 259 S., ISBN 7-03-005707-4/Q.684, Preis 44,- Yuan (ca. 9,68 DM) b) Zhu Mingsheng: Theridiidae. 1998, 436 S., ISBN 7-03-006243-4/Q.748, Preis 69,- Yuan (ca. 15,18 DM) c) Yin Changmin et al.: Araneidae. 1997, 460 S., ISBN 7-03-005705-8/Q.682, Preis 76,- Yuan (ca. 16,72 DM) Alle drei Bücher wurden Überwiegend in chinesisch verfaßt. Es findet sich jedoch ein englischer Bestimmungsschlüssel am Ende jedes Werkes. Ihm angeschlossen ist ein Artregister in lateinischer Schrift. Die Zeichnungen der Genitalien und des Habitus sind sehr deutlich und lassen sich in ihrer Genauigkeit sicherlich mit den Zeichnungen M.J. Roberts vergleichen. Die Beschreibungen zur Biogeographie werden zwar im Einführungsteil (Karten) dargestellt, die zugehörigen Textpassagen sind aber in chinesisch geschrieben worden

1909-1910年ドイツ占領期の青島における汽船航運の記録

1898年ドイツ帝国は中国山東半島の膠州湾岸一帯の地域を占拠し，東洋の真珠と呼称された青島港を建設する。そのドイツ占拠時期に青島で刊行されたドイツ語の官報があり，その官報は中国名”青島官報”と呼称されていた。その”青島官報”は毎週刊行され各号に青島港出入の汽船の情報が記録されている。その各号1909年から1910年までの約100余号に掲載された船舶情報を整理し，この時期の青島港のみならず近代東アジア海域の汽船航運の一端を明らかにするものである

Die Verrechtlichung von Arbeitsbeziehungen in Joint Ventures und ausländischen Tochterunternehmen in der Volksrepublik China: Ein Zwischenbericht

Up to now, very little is known about human resource policies in Sino-foreign joint ventures and foreign subsidiaries in China. It is, therefore, the aim of this project to study variations in personnel strategies in order to find an economically reasonable explanation for the differing personnel policies. In view of the increasing significance of labour relations law in China, another aim of this project is to examine the relevance of labour regulations in companies with foreign equity participation: When do those concerned rely on legal methods and to what degree are they successful? As only very few studies currently exist, the necessity for collecting our own sample soon became evident. Since not only quantitative, but also qualitative data is required, the case study approach suggests itself as an appropriate starting point. In October 1998 eleven companies in Shanghai were interviewed. This will then be followed up by case studies in two other regions of China in the summer of 1999. The case studies in Shanghai revealed some evidence for the hypothesised dependence of the personnel policy on the product market strategy of the company: The effective use of the redundant cheap labour force in China requires that the firm employs relatively labour intensive production lines. As long as labour laws are not violated, the prices of products manufactured in Shanghai will however often be undercut by Chinese competitors from other regions. Therefore, profits from mass-produced goods can mainly be realised in the export business. In contrast to price-based competition, firms with a differentiation or niche strategy compete on some other dimension that is valued by the market (e.g. product quality, reliability, delivery, service). Whether the company is successful with this strategy depends a lot on its capabilities to implement effective policies to retain qualified employees. Therefore, a differentiation strategy cushions the impact of external market forces more than a mass-production strategy, which tends to be a primarily market-oriented personnel policy. --

China Competence in Europe: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It

[EN] The MERICS Institute thoroughly depicted the state of the art of China competences in Germany at the beginning of 2018. The report explained why it was important to strengthen these competences and made detailed suggestions on how to do so. This article takes a look at developments regarding these competences in Germany and Spain and sheds light on the current image of China among mainly small and medium-sized enterprises in Franconia, Northern Bavaria, by means of surveys and interviews. Suggestions are made on how to improve language skills, touching upon the situation in Spain.Gebhard, C. (2022). China Competence in Europe: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It. En Proceedings 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 69-77. https://doi.org/10.4995/BMT2021.2021.13613697

China als Metapher : Versuch über das Chinabild des deutschen Romans im 20. Jahrhundert

"Noch bevor man in Europa genau wußte, wo China geographisch zu lokalisieren war, beschrieb man schon, wie es dort zuging [...]. Nicht den wahrheitsgetreuen Berichten des Marco Polo (1298), sondern den daraus zusammenphantasierten Abenteuer des Ritters Mandeville (1366) wurde Glauben geschenkt. Wer >China< beschrieb, wollte seinen Lesern vor allem ein Bild von etwas anderem vor Augen führen, wollte etwas schildern, das abschrecken oder vorbildlich sein sollte und so weit entfernt war, daß man es mangels exakterer Zeugnisse einfach glauben mußte - oder wollte. China war literarische Metapher für den Kontrast zum Abendland [...].