6,025 research outputs found
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A roadmap for China to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve a 20% share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy by 2030
As part of its Paris Agreement commitment, China pledged to peak carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions around 2030, striving to peak earlier, and to increase the non-fossil share of primary energy to 20% by 2030. Yet by the end of 2017, China emitted 28% of the world's energy-related CO2 emissions, 76% of which were from coal use. How China can reinvent its energy economy cost-effectively while still achieving its commitments was the focus of a three-year joint research project completed in September 2016. Overall, this analysis found that if China follows a pathway in which it aggressively adopts all cost-effective energy efficiency and CO2 emission reduction technologies while also aggressively moving away from fossil fuels to renewable and other non-fossil resources, it is possible to not only meet its Paris Agreement Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commitments, but also to reduce its 2050 CO2 emissions to a level that is 42% below the country's 2010 CO2 emissions. While numerous barriers exist that will need to be addressed through effective policies and programs in order to realize these potential energy use and emissions reductions, there are also significant local environmental (e.g., air quality), national and global environmental (e.g., mitigation of climate change), human health, and other unquantified benefits that will be realized if this pathway is pursued in China
Chinaâs low carbon technology ambitions: the relationship between indigenous innovation and technological transfer
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Regional innovation and spillover effects of foreign direct investment in China: a threshold approach
Using a data set on twenty-nine Chinese provinces for the period 1985â2008, this paper establishes a threshold model to analyse the relationship between spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional innovation in China. There is clear evidence of double-threshold effects of regional innovation on productivity spillovers from FDI. Specifically, only when the level of regional innovation reaches the minimum innovation threshold will FDI in the region begin to produce positive productivity spillovers. Furthermore, positive productivity spillovers from FDI will be substantial only when the level of regional innovation attains a higher threshold. The double threshold divides Chinese provinces into three super-regions in terms of innovation, with most provinces positioned within the middle-level innovation super-region. Policy implications are discussed
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Fighting coal â Effectiveness of coal-replacement programs for residential heating in China: Empirical findings from a household survey
Household fuel substitution has been a crucial step for controlling air pollution in China, but the performance evaluation of household fuel substitution policies is overlooked. This study capitalized on the opportunity to use data collected during the household coal-replacement program in North China to evaluate the effect of a mandatory policy on fuel substitution at the micro-level. The results indicate that there is a significant effect of the coal-replacement program on fuel substitution, as we expected. The coal-to-electricity policy is effective in achieving the goal of a clean winter but not a warm winter due to the decline of delivered energy, while the high-quality coal replacement policy results in better performance in delivered energy but no improvement in indoor air quality. It is recommended to prioritize supporting measures on both the supply and demand sides before implementation, along with undertaking differential measures during the implementation phase to better address energy inequality
UK-China collaborative study on low carbon technology transfer: final report
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Chinese firms entering China's low-income market: Gaining competitive advantage by partnering governments
This paper investigates poverty alleviation efforts in China and the nature of governmententerprise partnerships there. We argue that firms partnering central and local governments can be an effective strategy to overcome resource-based obstacles in low-income markets. In China, local and central governments are owners of rare and valuable resources, thus offering better access to finance, infrastructure, technical and planning expertise, advocacy through government marketing and distribution channels, and links to other stakeholders. The findings are based on 16 case studies of firms entering the low-income market in China, of which two cases in the agricultural and telecommunication sector are studied in depth. --Partnerships,government,poverty alleviation,China,base of the pyramid
Green Evidence for Energy Security Transformation in China: Re- conceptualization of Energy Security and Its Implication to Chinaâs Renewable Energy Policy Change
China has grown to a global large energy consumer since 1993, and surpassed
the U.S. to become the top energy consumption country in 2010. Energy security
is indispensable to the rapid and sustained development of Chinaâs economy.
Different from the realist geopolitics and liberalist analyzing approach, the
author constructs a dynamic constructivist theoretical framework of energy
security and tends to explore the unique reâconceptualization trajectory of
Chinese energy security: from selfâsufficiency security with emphasis on the
internal supply (first stage) to âgo abroadâ supplyâoriented energy security
highlighting the external expansion of sufficient energy at reasonable price
(second stage), then to comprehensive energy security concept focusing on
international cooperation, energy diversification, energy conservation and
lowâcarbon economy(third stage). Especially the transition from âdecreasing
energy intensityâ to âreducing the carbon intensityâ in the third stage has
shown the conceptual shifting from the static energy security to dynamic
resilience energy security. Based on the discourse and institutional analysis,
the author further illustrates the profound constraints of climate change
scenario to energy security in China as well as their interacting relations.
Finally the author points out that the green evidence for energy security
concept transformation has exerted significant impact on renewable energy
policyâmaking, which opening âthe window of opportunityâ for rapid renewable
energy development in China
Model estimates of China's terrestrial water storage variation due to reservoir operation
Understanding the role of reservoirs in the terrestrial water cycle is critical to support the sustainable management of water resources especially for China where reservoirs have been extensively built nationwide. However, this has been a scientific challenge due to the limited availability of continuous, long-term reservoir operation records at large scales, and a process-based modeling tool to accurately depict reservoirs as part of the terrestrial water cycle is still lacking. Here, we develop a continental-scale land surface-hydrologic model over the mainland China by explicitly representing 3,547 reservoirs in the model with a calibration-free conceptual operation scheme for ungauged reservoirs and a hydrodynamically based two-way coupled scheme. The model is spatially calibrated and then extensively validated against streamflow observations, reservoir storage observations and GRACE-based terrestrial water storage anomalies. A 30-year simulation is then performed to quantify the seasonal dynamics of Chinaâs reservoir water storage (RWS) and its role in China\u27s terrestrial water storage (TWS) over recent decades. We estimate that, over a seasonal cycle, China\u27s RWS variation is 15%, 16%, and 25% of TWS variation during 1981â1990, 1991â2000, and 2001â2010, respectively, and one-fifth of Chinaâs reservoir capacity are effectively used annually. In most regions, reservoirs play a growing role in modulating the water cycle over time. Despite that, an estimated 80 million people have faced increasing water resources challenges in the past decades due to the significantly weakened reservoir regulation of the water cycle. Our approaches and findings could help the government better address the water security challenges under environmental changes
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