Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 359)

This bibliography lists 164 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during Jan. 1992. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance

Review of the Synergies Between Computational Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Materials Across Length Scales

With the increasing interplay between experimental and computational approaches at multiple length scales, new research directions are emerging in materials science and computational mechanics. Such cooperative interactions find many applications in the development, characterization and design of complex material systems. This manuscript provides a broad and comprehensive overview of recent trends where predictive modeling capabilities are developed in conjunction with experiments and advanced characterization to gain a greater insight into structure-properties relationships and study various physical phenomena and mechanisms. The focus of this review is on the intersections of multiscale materials experiments and modeling relevant to the materials mechanics community. After a general discussion on the perspective from various communities, the article focuses on the latest experimental and theoretical opportunities. Emphasis is given to the role of experiments in multiscale models, including insights into how computations can be used as discovery tools for materials engineering, rather than to "simply" support experimental work. This is illustrated by examples from several application areas on structural materials. This manuscript ends with a discussion on some problems and open scientific questions that are being explored in order to advance this relatively new field of research.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, review article accepted for publication in J. Mater. Sc

Алгоритмическое и программное обеспечение для оптимизации выбора режимов интервальной гипоксической тренировки летчиков

A complex of mathematical, algorithmic and software tools for optimization of the choice of interval hypoxic modes training is presented in this article for flying personnel. The work is aimed at increasing of adaptation, efficiency and resistance of flight crew members. The basis of the mathematical model is the mass transfer and mass exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in human organism. There is suggested the solution of problem of tissue blood circulation predictions as result of conflict situation that occurs in human organism during internal and external disturbances between executive organ tissues and self-regulation tissues. The distribution of systemic blood circulation by tissues is realized in accordance with the hypoxic or hypercapnic stimulus, therefore the problem is formulated as a quadratic programming problem. An iterative procedure for studying and estimation of the gas state of respiratory system is suggested using an interval hypoxic training, which can contribute to the professional skill improvement of flight crews, their physical and psychological efficiency and readiness to perform complex educational and combat tasks in limited space and conditions of unfavorable external environment.Представлено комплекс математичного, алгоритмічного та програмного забезпечення для оптимізації вибору режимів інтервального гіпоксичного тренування для осіб льотного складу, спрямованого на підвищення адаптації, працездатності та резистентності членів льотних екіпажів. В основу покладено математичну модель масопереносу та масообміну кисню, вуглекислого газу та азоту в організмі людини. Розглядається задача прогнозування тканинних кровообігів, як розв’язок конфліктної ситуації, яка виникає в організмі людини при внутрішніх та зовнішніх збуреннях між тканинами керуючих органів та тканинами виконавчих органів саморегуляції. Розподіл системного кровообігу по тканинам здійснюється у відповідності до гіпоксичного або гіперкапнічного стимулу, тому поставлена задача формулюється як задача квадратичного програмування. Наведено ітераційну процедуру для вивчення та оцінки газового стану системи дихання при використанні інтервального гіпоксичного тренування, яке може сприяти підвищенню професійної майстерності льотних екіпажів, їх фізичної та психологічної працездатності та готовності до виконання складних учбових та бойових завдань в обмеженому просторі та умовах несприятливого зовнішнього середовищаПредставлен комплекс математического, алгоритмического и программного обеспечения для оптимизации выбора режимов интервальной гипоксической тренировки для лиц летного состава, направленный на повышение адаптации, работоспособности и резистентности членов летных экипажей. В основу положена математическая модель массопереноса и массообмена кислорода, углекислого газа и азота в организме человека. Рассматривается задача прогнозирования тканевого кровообращения, как решение конфликтной ситуации, которая возникает в организме человека при внутренних и внешних возмущениях между тканями управляющих органов и тканями исполнительных органов саморегуляции. Распределение системного кровообращения по тканям осуществляется в соответствии с гипоксическим или гиперкапническим стимулами, поэтому поставленная задача формулируется, как задача квадратичного программирования. Приведена итерационная процедура для изучения и оценки газового состояния системы дыхания при использовании интервальной гипоксической тренировки, которая может способствовать повышению профессионального мастерства летных экипажей, их физической и психологической работоспособности и готовности к выполнению сложных учебных и боевых задач в ограниченном пространстве и условиях неблагоприятной внешней сред

Composite Structural Materials

The development and application of filamentary composite materials, is considered. Such interest is based on the possibility of using relatively brittle materials with high modulus, high strength, but low density in composites with good durability and high tolerance to damage. Fiber reinforced composite materials of this kind offer substantially improved performance and potentially lower costs for aerospace hardware. Much progress has been made since the initial developments in the mid 1960's. There were only limited applied to the primary structure of operational vehicles, mainly as aircrafts

PhD

dissertationThe purpose of this study was to examine cognitive reserve, level of cognitive functioning, and motor programming as early markers for detecting declines in everyday functioning. Fifty nondemented, community-dwelling older adults completed a battery of traditional and experimental assessment measures at two time points. The results showed that both overall cognitive functioning and motor programming were useful for identifying individuals at risk for future changes in everyday functioning. The motor programming task did better than overall cognitive functioning in predicting current performances and was the most useful variable for predicting a change in functioning over time

Investigating the feasibility of vehicle telemetry data as a means of predicting driver workload

Driving is a safety critical task that requires a high level of attention and workload from the driver. Despite this, people often also perform secondary tasks such as eating or using a mobile phone, which increase workload levels and divert cognitive and physical attention from the primary task of driving. If a vehicle is aware that the driver is currently under high workload, the vehicle functionality can be changed in order to minimize any further demand. Traditionally, workload measurements have been performed using intrusive means such as physiological sensors. Another approach may be to use vehicle telemetry data as a performance measure for workload. In this paper, we present the Warwick-JLR Driver Monitoring Dataset (DMD) and analyse it to investigate the feasibility of using vehicle telemetry data for determining the driver workload. We perform a statistical analysis of subjective ratings, physiological data, and vehicle telemetry data collected during a track study. A data mining methodology is then presented to build predictive models using this data, for the driver workload monitoring problem

Aging concrete structures: a review of mechanics and concepts

The safe and cost-efficient management of our built infrastructure is a challenging task considering the expected service life of at least 50 years. In spite of time-dependent changes in material properties, deterioration processes and changing demand by society, the structures need to satisfy many technical requirements related to serviceability, durability, sustainability and bearing capacity. This review paper summarizes the challenges associated with the safe design and maintenance of aging concrete structures and gives an overview of some concepts and approaches that are being developed to address these challenges

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 380)

This bibliography lists 192 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during Oct. 1993. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance

Multimodal Analysis of Pilot’s Fatigue During a Multi-Phase Flight Mission

One troubling threat to successful flight missions is attributed to fatigue induced and errors. Therefore, discovering effective methods to assess fatigue has been a major topic discussed by professional pilots and aviation experts. Fatigue is a major human factor related issue in aviation and currently subject to increased discussion by aviation administrations and professional pilots. Therefore, effective assessment of fatigue will provide opportunities to reduce the risk of fatigue-induced errors. Currently available subjective measures that assess fatigue can be somewhat affected by external and internal factors, that might cause biased judgment. Therefore, Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which provides objective measures, can be a viable approach to measure fatigue. In addition, eye movement analysis might augment the fatigue assessment, because eye movement analysis is an unobtrusive approach that does not require direct contact with the participant and can be measured for a long duration. However, it is unknown how eye movement characteristics are correlated with fatigue. In this research, a multi-modal fatigue measurement framework was developed by combining the PVT analysis with eye movement analysis. In detail, PVT measures (i.e., reaction time, lapses & false starts) and eye movement characteristics (i.e., eye fixation duration, pupil size, number of eye fixations, gaze entropy) were measured to determine pilots’ fatigue level under different flight conditions. The results show that significant correlations exist among the eye movement characteristics and the PVTs measures. The proposed multi-modal approach show promise on evaluating pilot fatigue in near real time, which in turn might enable timely recovery interventions