Labor Relations Conflict in the Workplace: Scale Development, Consequences and Solutions

Because the goals of employers and employees are often incompatible, conflicts are inevitable and an essential part of organizational life. The three studies reported in this paper addressed the issues of identifying the dimensions of workplace conflicts within organizations, exploring the consequences of conflicts, and finding appropriate methods of conflict resolution. The first study identified and developed three dimensions of labor relations conflict, including interest-based, rights-based, and emotion-based conflicts. The second study explored two sets of individual outcomes of labor relations conflicts and found labor relations conflicts had a negative effect on employee job satisfaction and affective commitment and positive effects on employee turnover intention and counterproductive work behavior. The third study tested the effectiveness of partnership practices as an alternative method of resolving labor relations conflicts. Suggestions are offered for future research on the labor relations conflict dimensions as well as its outcomes and solutions introduced in these studies

The Emergence of a Private Business Sector in China

This paper is part of a broader research project that aims to analyse the emerging private business sector in China by focusing on three topics.entrepreneurship;networks;social capital;evolutionary economics

ILR Faculty Research in Progress, 2014-2015

The production of scholarly research continues to be one of the primary missions of the ILR School. During a typical academic year, ILR faculty members published or had accepted for publication over 25 books, edited volumes, and monographs, 170 articles and chapters in edited volumes, numerous book reviews. In addition, a large number of manuscripts were submitted for publication, presented at professional association meetings, or circulated in working paper form. Our faculty's research continues to find its way into the very best industrial relations, social science and statistics journals.ResearchinProgress_2014_15.pdf: 17 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Corporate Entrepreneurship of Emerging Market Firms: current research and future directions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) of emerging market firms (EMFs) and provide direction for future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach – The authors specifically review the recent literature between the years 2000 and 2019 on CE with the keywords “corporate entrepreneurship,” “emerging economies” and “emerging countries” published in the Australian Business Deans Council list journals. The authors review the existing literature about CE in emerging markets, summarize current achievements and present an agenda for future research. Findings – Based on the review, the authors categorized the macro and micro contexts of CE and summarized the current articles on CE in emerging markets within each macro and micro context. The authors conclude that despite the abundance of research on CE that investigates the three prongs of CE in terms of innovation, strategic renewal and new venturing in developed market contexts, there is a scarcity of literature that focuses on CE in emerging markets from a holistic perspective. Originality/value – While there is an abundance of literature review on CE in general in terms of the drivers of the construct, the contexts contributing to it and the outcomes, the reviews are lacking about CE specifically within the context of emerging markets. Emerging markets vary from developed markets institutionally, economically, culturally, socially and technologically. However, the questions of how these differences impact the CE activities, as it relates to innovation, venturing and strategic renewal in EMFs, and how these differences provide incentives or hinder the activities that contribute to CE remain mostly unanswered. This paper reviewed the research on CE and emerging market contexts from 2000 to present. It targets to provide a better understanding of the current achievement on this topic and what to be done in the future

Informal networks and knowledge sharing in organizations: case study of GR Group

In the era where knowledge and technology have been advancing, knowledge, together with capital and human resources, has become an essential productive factor, playing a vital role in economic growth and enterprise development. Moreover, knowledge-based economic growth relies principally on enterprise knowledge and technological innovation. Nowadays, communication channels have been evolving so rapidly that the types of knowledge sharing have transferred from traditional administrative orders to diversified, multi-channel and informal ways. From the perspective of networks, social platforms and social capital, more attention has been paid to employee behavior in the past few years. Compared to technology and knowledge innovation of the whole organization, growing emphasis has been placed on knowledge sharing of informal networks built by individual employees. As a supplement to formal organization system, informal network is characterized by versatility, background similarity and excellent communicability, defining its positive effect on knowledge sharing and interaction. Consequently, informal network is the key variable in the innovation performance of modern enterprises. Nevertheless, studies on the informal network of knowledge sharing mainly focus on the overall network instead of on network segmentation. Accordingly, knowledge sharing ways and channels is a research gap now. Therefore, it is essential to further delve deeper into informal networks as a closer scrutiny of such topic is of theoretical value and practical significance.Na era em que o conhecimento e a tecnologia avançam, o conhecimento, juntamente com o capital e os recursos humanos, tornaram-se um fator produtivo essencial, desempenhando um papel extraordinariamente vital no crescimento econômico e no desenvolvimento empresarial. Além disso, o crescimento econômico baseado no conhecimento depende principalmente do conhecimento empresarial e da inovação tecnológica. Atualmente, os canais de comunicação estão evoluindo tão rapidamente que os tipos de partilha de conhecimento foram transferidos das formas administrativas tradicionais para formas diversificadas, multicanais e informais. Do ponto de vista de redes, plataformas sociais e capital social, mais atenção tem sido dada ao comportamento dos colaboradores nos últimos anos. Para compreendermos melhor a inovação nas organizações precisamos de estudar a partilha de conhecimento nas redes informais construídas pelos colaboradores. Como complemento aos sistemas formais da organização, a rede informal caracteriza-se pela sua versatilidade, pela comunicabilidade excelente, provocando um efeito positivo na partilha do conhecimento e na interação entre as pessoas. Consequentemente, as redes informais são as variáveis chave no desempenho de inovação das empresas modernas. No entanto, os estudos sobre as redea informais de partilha de conhecimento concentram-se principalmente na rede geral, e não na segmentação da rede

Chinese Enterprise Reform as a Market Process

The reform of China's enterprise system increasingly reflects the outcome of China's emerging property rights market. We distinguish between a centrally-directed reform strategy, with characteristics similar to those of a Pigouvian tax, and a market-driven reform process, which captures the essential features of a Coasian approach to social cost. The Coase Theorem postulates that eliminating transaction costs and attaching well specified property rights to public goods that generate externalities will allow uncoordinated economic agents to negotiate institutional arrangements that produce socially efficient allocation of resources. Extending Coase's reasoning to the case of socialist transition ' we argue that reforms that expand competition, move toward well-specified assignment of ownership rights to public enterprises, and reduce transaction costs will motivate the "ultimate" owners, including officials of national and sub-national government agencies, to reconfigure their assets or to combine their assets with those of other jurisdictions and/or private investors to create more efficient ownership arrangements. We review the extent to which China's reforms have established the conditions for an effective market in ownership rights to industrial property. We tabulate progress from 1 980 to present along the three major analytic dimensions inherent in Coase's analysis: competition, property rights, and transaction costs. We conclude that the sheer size and diversity of China's industrial economy will motivate a continuation of decentralized reform initiatives. To support this Coasian reform process, central and provincial governments need to expand initiatives to clarify property rights, particularly the right of alienation, reduce impediments to competition, and facilitate the reduction of transaction costs.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39466/3/wp76.pd

Workshop series on the role of institutions in East Asian development: Institutional foundations of innovation and competitiveness in East Asia

The discussion paper summarizes the results of a workshop that focussed on the institutional foundations of innovation and competitiveness in East Asia. The following papers are contained: 'Transitional Institutions, Institutional Complementarities and Economic Performance in China. A "Varieties of Capitalism" Approach', 'The Current State of Research on Networks in China's Business System', 'Recent Changes to Korea's Innovation Governance', 'Standardization and Institutional Complementarities in Japan - Empirical Results from SAP R/3 Implementations in Japanese Automotive Suppliers'. --East Asia,Japan,China,Korea,institutional change,competitiveness,innovation

Impact of non-public enterprise CPC party building on enterprise performances: stakeholder theory and social capital theory perspectives

Despite a growing presence of Communist Party of China in non-public enterprises in China, there is limited empirical research on the impact of Party building on performance of non-public enterprises. In addition, it is not clear on the mechanism and path analysis of how Party building affects the performance of non-public enterprises. Guilded by stakeholder theory and social capital theory, this research proposes a hypothesized model to explore Party building’s impact on non-public enterprise’ performance. Using a sample of 759 collected from private enterprises in Ningxia, structural equation model analysis revealed the following results. First, non-public enterprise Party building exerts a positive effect on enterprise performance, corporate social capital and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, non-public enterprise Party building has an indirect impact on enterprise performance through three paths, namely, corporate social capital and organizational citizenship behavior as mediator respectively, as well as a subsequent mediation via corporate social capital and then organizational citizenship behavior. Third, a harmonious relationship between corporate Party organizations and management accentuate the positive relationships between the non-public enterprise Party building and enterprise performance through social capital as well as organizational citizenship behavior. This research contributes to the literature with a quantitative method design in exploring the mechanism and path of how Party building affects enterprise performance of non-public enterprises with sample from grassroots Party building in non-public enterprises. Policy recommendations are discussed from the research findings.Apesar de uma presença crescente do Partido Comunista da China em empresas não públicas na China, existe uma investigação empírica limitada sobre o impacto do desenvolvimento do Partido no desempenho das empresas não-públicas. Além disso, não há clareza quanto ao mecanismo e aos meios pelos quais a ação do Partido afecta o desempenho das empresas não-públicas. Orientada pelas teorias dos constituintes múltiplos e do capital social, esta investigação propõe um modelo hipotético para explorar o impacto do Partido no desempenho das empresas não-públicas. Utilizando uma amostra de 759 empregados em empresas privadas em Ningxia, as análises por modelos de equações estruturais revelou os seguintes resultados. Primeiro, a ação do Partido nas empresas não-públicas exerce um efeito positivo no desempenho das empresas, no capital social das empresas e nos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. Segundo, a acção do Partido nas empresas não-públicas tem um impacto indirecto no desempenho empresarial através de três vias, nomeadamente, do capital social empresarial e dos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional enquanto mediadores respetivamente, bem como uma mediação sequential através do capital social empresarial e, em seguida, dos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. Terceiro, uma relação harmoniosa entre as organizações do Partido e a administração acentua as relações positivas entre a ação do Partido nas empresas não-públicas e o desempenho empresarial através do capital social, bem como dos comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. Esta investigação contribui para a literatura com uma abordagem quantitativa na exploração dos mecanismos e do caminho de como a ação do Partido afecta o desempenho empresarial de empresas não-públicas com uma amostra de base em empresas não-públicas. As recomendações relativas à formulação de políticas são discutidas a partir dos resultados da investigação

Trust, Organizational Controls, Knowledge Acquisition from the Foreign Parents, and Performance in Vietnamese International Joint Ventures

Successful adaptation in strategic alliances "calls for a delicate balance between the twin virtues of reliability and flexibility" [Parkhe 1998]. On one hand, the joint venture must be flexible enough to respond to the uncertainties of competitive business environments because it is not feasible to plan for every possible contingency. Yet, on the other hand, unfettered flexibility invites dysfunctional behavior, such as opportunism and complacency. This delicate balance accompanies a parallel balance between trust and control of the joint venture. The primary goal of this study is to empirically examine this relationship in the context of Vietnamese international joint ventures (IJVs) by building on the model of knowledge acquisition and performance in IJVs established by Lyles and Salk [1996]. This study makes three major contributions to the literature. First it confirms several findings of the original Lyles and Salk study [1996]. Second, we strengthen Lyles and Salk's original model by incorporating multiple measures of both interorganizational trust and control as independent variables. Finally, this study represents one of the first in-depth examinations of business in the emerging Vietnamese economy.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39713/3/wp329.pd

Ethics and taxation : a cross-national comparison of UK and Turkish firms

This paper investigates responses to tax related ethical issues facing busines