3,403 research outputs found
Received Signal Strength for Randomly Distributed Molecular Nanonodes
We consider nanonodes randomly distributed in a circular area and
characterize the received signal strength when a pair of these nodes employ
molecular communication. Two communication methods are investigated, namely
free diffusion and diffusion with drift. Since the nodes are randomly
distributed, the distance between them can be represented as a random variable,
which results in a stochastic process representation of the received signal
strength. We derive the probability density function of this process for both
molecular communication methods. Specifically for the case of free diffusion we
also derive the cumulative distribution function, which can be used to derive
transmission success probabilities. The presented work constitutes a first step
towards the characterization of the signal to noise ratio in the considered
setting for a number of molecular communication methods.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, Nanocom 2017 conferenc
Forward error correction for molecular communications
Communication between nanoscale devices is an area of considerable importance as it is essential that future devices be able to form nanonetworks and realise their full potential. Molecular communication is a method based on diffusion, inspired by biological systems and useful over transmission distances in the nm to Ī¼m range. The propagation of messenger molecules via diffusion implies that there is thus a probability that they can either arrive outside of their required time slot or ultimately, not arrive at all. Therefore, in this paper, the use of a error correcting codes is considered as a method of enhancing the performance of future nanonetworks. Using a simple block code, it is shown that it is possible to deliver a coding gain of ā¼1.7 dB at transmission distances of . Nevertheless, energy is required for the coding and decoding and as such this paper also considers the code in this context. It is shown that these simple error correction codes can deliver a benefit in terms of energy usage for transmission distances of upwards of for receivers of a radius
A comprehensive survey of recent advancements in molecular communication
With much advancement in the field of nanotechnology, bioengineering and synthetic biology over the past decade, microscales and nanoscales devices are becoming a reality. Yet the problem of engineering a reliable communication system between tiny devices is still an open problem. At the same time, despite the prevalence of radio communication, there are still areas where traditional electromagnetic waves find it difficult or expensive to reach. Points of interest in industry, cities, and medical applications often lie in embedded and entrenched areas, accessible only by ventricles at scales too small for conventional radio waves and microwaves, or they are located in such a way that directional high frequency systems are ineffective. Inspired by nature, one solution to these problems is molecular communication (MC), where chemical signals are used to transfer information. Although biologists have studied MC for decades, it has only been researched for roughly 10 year from a communication engineering lens. Significant number of papers have been published to date, but owing to the need for interdisciplinary work, much of the results are preliminary. In this paper, the recent advancements in the field of MC engineering are highlighted. First, the biological, chemical, and physical processes used by an MC system are discussed. This includes different components of the MC transmitter and receiver, as well as the propagation and transport mechanisms. Then, a comprehensive survey of some of the recent works on MC through a communication engineering lens is provided. The paper ends with a technology readiness analysis of MC and future research directions
Molecular communication in fluid media: The additive inverse Gaussian noise channel
We consider molecular communication, with information conveyed in the time of
release of molecules. The main contribution of this paper is the development of
a theoretical foundation for such a communication system. Specifically, we
develop the additive inverse Gaussian (IG) noise channel model: a channel in
which the information is corrupted by noise with an inverse Gaussian
distribution. We show that such a channel model is appropriate for molecular
communication in fluid media - when propagation between transmitter and
receiver is governed by Brownian motion and when there is positive drift from
transmitter to receiver. Taking advantage of the available literature on the IG
distribution, upper and lower bounds on channel capacity are developed, and a
maximum likelihood receiver is derived. Theory and simulation results are
presented which show that such a channel does not have a single quality measure
analogous to signal-to-noise ratio in the AWGN channel. It is also shown that
the use of multiple molecules leads to reduced error rate in a manner akin to
diversity order in wireless communications. Finally, we discuss some open
problems in molecular communications that arise from the IG system model.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information
Theory. Corrects minor typos in the first versio
Modeling and Simulation of Molecular Communication Systems with a Reversible Adsorption Receiver
In this paper, we present an analytical model for the diffusive molecular
communication (MC) system with a reversible adsorption receiver in a fluid
environment. The widely used concentration shift keying (CSK) is considered for
modulation. The time-varying spatial distribution of the information molecules
under the reversible adsorption and desorption reaction at the surface of a
receiver is analytically characterized. Based on the spatial distribution, we
derive the net number of newly-adsorbed information molecules expected in any
time duration. We further derive the number of newly-adsorbed molecules
expected at the steady state to demonstrate the equilibrium concentration.
Given the number of newly-adsorbed information molecules, the bit error
probability of the proposed MC system is analytically approximated.
Importantly, we present a simulation framework for the proposed model that
accounts for the diffusion and reversible reaction. Simulation results show the
accuracy of our derived expressions, and demonstrate the positive effect of the
adsorption rate and the negative effect of the desorption rate on the error
probability of reversible adsorption receiver with last transmit bit-1.
Moreover, our analytical results simplify to the special cases of a full
adsorption receiver and a partial adsorption receiver, both of which do not
include desorption.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 algorithm, submitte
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