1,032 research outputs found
Channel impulse response length and noise variance estimation for OFDM systems with adaptive guard interval
A new algorithm estimating channel impulse response (CIR) length and noise variance for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with adaptive guard interval (GI) length is proposed. To estimate the CIR length and the noise variance, the different statistical characteristics of the additive noise and the mobile radio channels are exploited. This difference is due to the fact that the variance of the channel coefficients depends on the position within the CIR, whereas the noise variance of each estimated channel tap is equal. Moreover, the channel can vary rapidly, but its length changes more slowly than its coefficients. An auxiliary function is established to distinguish these characteristics. The CIR length and the noise variance are estimated by varying the parameters of this function. The proposed method provides reliable information of the estimated CIR length and the noise variance even at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0 dB. This information can be applied to an OFDM system with adaptive GI length, where the length of the GI is adapted to the current length of the CIR. The length of the GI can therefore be optimized. Consequently, the spectral efficiency of the system is increased
Visualization on colour based flow vector of thermal image for movement detection during interactive session
Recently thermal imaging is exploited in applications such as motion and face detection. It has drawn attention many researchers to build such technology to improve lifestyle. This work proposed a technique to detect and identify a motion in sequence images for the application in security monitoring system or outdoor surveillance. Conventional system might cause false information with the present of shadow. Thus, methods employed in this work are Canny edge detector method, Lucas Kanade and Horn Shunck algorithms, to overcome the major problem when using thresholding method, which is only intensity or pixel magnitude is considered instead of relationships between the pixels. The results obtained could be observed in flow vector parameter and the segmentation colour based image for the time frame from 1 to 10 seconds. The visualization of both the parameters clarified the movement and changes of pixel intensity between two frames by the supportive colour segmentation, either in smooth or rough motion. Thus, this technique may contribute to others application such as biometrics, military system, and surveillance machine
Classical and Bayesian Linear Data Estimators for Unique Word OFDM
Unique word - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UW-OFDM) is a novel
OFDM signaling concept, where the guard interval is built of a deterministic
sequence - the so-called unique word - instead of the conventional random
cyclic prefix. In contrast to previous attempts with deterministic sequences in
the guard interval the addressed UW-OFDM signaling approach introduces
correlations between the subcarrier symbols, which can be exploited by the
receiver in order to improve the bit error ratio performance. In this paper we
develop several linear data estimators specifically designed for UW-OFDM, some
based on classical and some based on Bayesian estimation theory. Furthermore,
we derive complexity optimized versions of these estimators, and we study their
individual complex multiplication count in detail. Finally, we evaluate the
estimators' performance for the additive white Gaussian noise channel as well
as for selected indoor multipath channel scenarios.Comment: Preprint, 13 page
Blind equalization and fading channel signal recovery of OFDM modulation
Algorithms for blind equalization and data recovery of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signals transmitted through fading channels are implemented and simulated in this thesis. The channel is estimated without knowledge of the transmitted sequence (i.e., blindly) using a least mean squares (LMS) adaptive filter and filter bank precoders. This method was used to estimate channel characteristics using both binary and quadrature phase-shift keying signals. Additionally, the method was analyzed for robustness with a poor initial estimate of channel characteristics, with the addition of white Gaussian noise to the signal, and with non-stationary channel conditions. In addition, it is shown that the proposed method is particularly suited in situations with deep fading channels, where some of the subcarriers have a very low SNR. Simulations for both aspects of this thesis were conducted using MATLAB, and the results are presented.http://archive.org/details/blindequalizatio109455740Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
MIMO-UFMC Transceiver Schemes for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications
The UFMC modulation is among the most considered solutions for the
realization of beyond-OFDM air interfaces for future wireless networks. This
paper focuses on the design and analysis of an UFMC transceiver equipped with
multiple antennas and operating at millimeter wave carrier frequencies. The
paper provides the full mathematical model of a MIMO-UFMC transceiver, taking
into account the presence of hybrid analog/digital beamformers at both ends of
the communication links. Then, several detection structures are proposed, both
for the case of single-packet isolated transmission, and for the case of
multiple-packet continuous transmission. In the latter situation, the paper
also considers the case in which no guard time among adjacent packets is
inserted, trading off an increased level of interference with higher values of
spectral efficiency. At the analysis stage, the several considered detection
structures and transmission schemes are compared in terms of bit-error-rate,
root-mean-square-error, and system throughput. The numerical results show that
the proposed transceiver algorithms are effective and that the linear MMSE data
detector is capable of well managing the increased interference brought by the
removal of guard times among consecutive packets, thus yielding throughput
gains of about 10 - 13 . The effect of phase noise at the receiver is also
numerically assessed, and it is shown that the recursive implementation of the
linear MMSE exhibits some degree of robustness against this disturbance
Adaptive spatial mode of space-time and spacefrequency OFDM system over fading channels
In this paper we present a 2 transmit 1 receive (1 Tx : 1 Rx) adaptive spatial
mode (ASM) of space-time (ST) and space-frequency (SF) orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM). At low signal to noise ratio (SNR) we employ ST-OFDM and switch
to SF-OFDM at a certain SNR threshold. We determine this threshold from the intersection
of individual performance curves. Results show a gain of 9 dB (at a bit error rate of 10-3) is
achieved by employing adaptive spatial mode compared to a fixed ST-OFDM, almost 6 dB
to fixed SF-OFDM, 4 dB to Coded ST-OFDM and 2 dB to a fixed coded SF-OFDM, at a
delay spread of 700 ns
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