12,287 research outputs found
On Testing Quantum Programs
A quantum computer (QC) can solve many computational problems more
efficiently than a classic one. The field of QCs is growing: companies (such as
DWave, IBM, Google, and Microsoft) are building QC offerings. We position that
software engineers should look into defining a set of software engineering
practices that apply to QC's software. To start this process, we give examples
of challenges associated with testing such software and sketch potential
solutions to some of these challenges.Comment: A condensed version to appear in Proceedings of the 41st
International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2019
The political economy of education systems in conflict-affected contexts
This report is a rigorous literature review on the political economy of education systems in conflict-affected contexts and is aimed at education advisers and agencies, development practitioners and Ministry of Education policy makers working in conflict-affected contexts. The report seeks to provide theoretically informed and policy relevant insights on the global, national and local governance of education systems in conflict-affected contexts garnered from a rigorous review of the academic and policy literature on the political economy of education in conflict-affected contexts.
The review was driven by three main questions: (1) What are the underpinning assumptions of the main bodies of political economy research in education and conflict? (2) What can the political economy of education literature since 1990 inform us about educational change and reform in conflict-affected contexts? (3) What are the strengths, weaknesses, blind spots and research gaps in the political economy of education literature exploring the governance of educational change and reform in conflict-affected contexts?
Chapter 1 outlines the rationale and aims of the review. Chapter 2, describes the theoretical and conceptual framework and presents the framing of the key issues under review, and Chapter 3 outlines the review methodology. Chapter 4 presents the main characteristics and an assessment of the quality of the studies selected for the in-depth review, and Chapter 5, discusses the review’s main findings. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions of the study, outlines a theory of change that emerges from the findings and draws out the policy insights and research gaps for future study
How Quantum Computers Fail: Quantum Codes, Correlations in Physical Systems, and Noise Accumulation
The feasibility of computationally superior quantum computers is one of the
most exciting and clear-cut scientific questions of our time. The question
touches on fundamental issues regarding probability, physics, and
computability, as well as on exciting problems in experimental physics,
engineering, computer science, and mathematics. We propose three related
directions towards a negative answer. The first is a conjecture about physical
realizations of quantum codes, the second has to do with correlations in
stochastic physical systems, and the third proposes a model for quantum
evolutions when noise accumulates. The paper is dedicated to the memory of
Itamar Pitowsky.Comment: 16 page
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