Revisión taxonómica del complejo Centaurea alba L. (Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica

Taxonomic revision of the Centaurea alba L. complex (Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula.- A taxonomic revision of the Centaurea alba L. complex (Centaurea L. sect. Centaurea) in the Iberian Peninsula is presented, which is represented by two species, C. alba and C. costae Willk. Three subspecies of C. alba with reasonably well-defined areas are recognized: C. alba subsp. alba, with three varieties –alba, macrocephala Pau and latronum (Pau) E. López & Devesa-, C. alba subsp. aristifera (Pau) E. López & Devesa and C. alba subsp. tartesiana Talavera, two of them are proposed as new nomenclatural combinations. Centaurea costae is segregated from C. alba and three varieties are recognized: costae, montsicciana Pau & Font Quer and maluqueri Font Quer. In the case of C. alba var. latronum, C. alba var. macrocephala and C. alba subsp. aristifera, the chromosome number was also studied (2n = 18).Revisión taxonómica del complejo Centaurea alba L. (Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica.- Se efectúa la revisión taxonómica del complejo de Centaurea alba L. (Centaurea L. sect. Centaurea) en la Península Ibérica, representado por dos especies, C. alba y C. costae Willk. Para C. alba se reconocen tres subespecies con áreas bien definidas: C. alba subsp. alba, con tres variedades –alba, macrocephala Pau y latronum (Pau) E. López & Devesa-, C. alba subsp. aristifera (Pau) E. López & Devesa y C. alba subsp. tartesiana Talavera, proponiéndose dos nuevas combinaciones. Se segrega Centaurea costae de C. alba, y se reconocen para ella tres variedades: costae, montsicciana Pau & Font Quer y maluqueri Font Quer. En el caso de C. alba var. latronum, C. alba var. macrocephala y C. alba subsp. aristifera se ha estudiado además el número cromosómico (2n = 18)

Características palinológicas y fisicoquímicas de tres tipos de mieles uniflorales del centro de Argentina

Se estudiaron las características de 59 mieles monoflorales de Condalia microphylla Cav. (“piquillín”), Centaurea solstitialis L. (“abrepuño amarillo”) y Prosopis spp., provenientes de La Pampa, Argentina. Se determinaron caracteres polínicos (abundancia y frecuencia de tipos polínicos) y algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos (color, conductividad eléctrica, acidez libre, contenido de glucosa, relación glucosa-agua, humedad y pH). Se utilizaron dos tipos de análisis estadísticos: análisis de varianza de un factor y análisis multiJ T* -0.000aaaaléct.omponentes principales yléct.onglomer0aaa. Los análisis de varianza y multivariados permitieron distinguir las tres clases de mieles de acuerdo a las propiedades fisicoquímicaa. Las variables que mejor explicaron esta diferenciación fueron pH, conductividad eléctrica, color, glucosa y relación glucosaagua. El análisis polínico demostró que la frecuencia de polen tradicionalmente utilizada para definir una miel monofloral (> 45%) no es válido para las mieles estudiadas. Por ello, el análisis polínico relacionado con las propiedades físico-químicas mencionadas permitiría una adecuada clasificación en estas mieles monoflorales.The characteristics of 59 unifloral honeys of Condalia microphylla Cav. ("piquillín"), Centaurea solstitialis L. ("yellow starthistle") and Prosopis spp., from La Pampa, Argentina, were studied. Pollen features (abundance and frequency of pollen types) and some physicochemical parameters (colour, electrical conductivity, free acidity, glucose content, glucose: water ratio, moisture and pH) were determined. Two different but related sets of calculations were done: the first involved single-factor variance analysis, while the second set involved two multivariate methods, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Variance and multivariate analysis allowed differentiation of the three honey types according to their physicochemical properties. The variables that best explained this differentiation were pH, electrical conductivity, colour, glucose content and the glucose:water ratio. Pollen analysis showed that the pollen frequency traditionally used (> 45%) for a botanical origin assignment in honey was not valid for the unifloral honeys studied. Therefore, pollen analysis should be combined with the above physicochemical analysis order to obtain a successful classification of these unifloral honeys.Fil: Naab, O.A.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Tamame, Maria Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Caccavari, Marta Alicia. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Características palinológicas y fisicoquímicas de tres tipos de mieles uniflorales del centro de Argentina

Se estudiaron las características de 59 mieles monoflorales de Condalia microphylla Cav. (“piquillín”), Centaurea solstitialis L. (“abrepuño amarillo”) y Prosopis spp., provenientes de La Pampa, Argentina. Se determinaron caracteres polínicos (abundancia y frecuencia de tipos polínicos) y algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos (color, conductividad eléctrica, acidez libre, contenido de glucosa, relación glucosa-agua, humedad y pH). Se utilizaron dos tipos de análisis estadísticos: análisis de varianza de un factor y análisis multiJ T* -0.000aaaaléct.omponentes principales yléct.onglomer0aaa. Los análisis de varianza y multivariados permitieron distinguir las tres clases de mieles de acuerdo a las propiedades fisicoquímicaa. Las variables que mejor explicaron esta diferenciación fueron pH, conductividad eléctrica, color, glucosa y relación glucosaagua. El análisis polínico demostró que la frecuencia de polen tradicionalmente utilizada para definir una miel monofloral (> 45%) no es válido para las mieles estudiadas. Por ello, el análisis polínico relacionado con las propiedades físico-químicas mencionadas permitiría una adecuada clasificación en estas mieles monoflorales.The characteristics of 59 unifloral honeys of Condalia microphylla Cav. ("piquillín"), Centaurea solstitialis L. ("yellow starthistle") and Prosopis spp., from La Pampa, Argentina, were studied. Pollen features (abundance and frequency of pollen types) and some physicochemical parameters (colour, electrical conductivity, free acidity, glucose content, glucose: water ratio, moisture and pH) were determined. Two different but related sets of calculations were done: the first involved single-factor variance analysis, while the second set involved two multivariate methods, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Variance and multivariate analysis allowed differentiation of the three honey types according to their physicochemical properties. The variables that best explained this differentiation were pH, electrical conductivity, colour, glucose content and the glucose:water ratio. Pollen analysis showed that the pollen frequency traditionally used (> 45%) for a botanical origin assignment in honey was not valid for the unifloral honeys studied. Therefore, pollen analysis should be combined with the above physicochemical analysis order to obtain a successful classification of these unifloral honeys.Fil: Naab, O.A.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Tamame, Maria Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Caccavari, Marta Alicia. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Presence of the “Threatened” \u3ci\u3eTrimerotropis Huroniana\u3c/i\u3e (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Relation to the Occurrence of Native Dune Plant Species and the Exotic \u3ci\u3eCentaurea Biebersteinii\u3c/i\u3e

Trimerotropis huroniana Wlk. is a “Threatened” species in Michigan and Wisconsin with a distribution limited to open dune systems in the northern Great Lakes region of North America. Pitfall traps were utilized in the Grand Sable Dunes of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, MI, along with an herbaceous plant survey, to identify the relationship of T. huroniana with native dune plant species, Ammophila breviligulata Fern. (American beachgrass, Poaceae), Artemisia campestris L. (field sagewort, Asteraceae), and the exotic invasive plant Centaurea biebersteinii DC. [=Centaurea maculosa, spotted knapweed, Lamarck] (Asteraceae). The absence of C. biebersteinii resulted in an increased likelihood of capturing T. huroniana. This was most likely due to the increased likelihood of encountering A. campestris in areas without C. biebersteinii. The occurrence of A. breviligulata was independent of C. biebersteinii presence. A significant positive linear relationship occurred between the percent cover of A. campestris and the traps that captured T. huroniana. There was no significant relationship between A. breviligulata percent cover and the traps that captured T. huroniana. The occurrence and distribution of T. huroniana is closely related to the presence and abundance of A. campestris. Habitat conservation and improvement for T. huroniana should include increases in A. campestris populations through the removal of C. biebersteinii

Attack of \u3ci\u3eUrophora Quadrifasciata\u3c/i\u3e (Meig.) (Diiptera: Tephritidae) A Biological Control Agent for Spotted Knapweed (\u3ci\u3eCentaurea Maculosa\u3c/i\u3e Lamarck) and Diffuse Knapweed (\u3ci\u3eC. Diffusa\u3c/i\u3e Lamarck) (Asteraceae) by a Parasitoid, \u3ci\u3ePteromalus\u3c/i\u3e Sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Michigan

Urophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) a seedhead fly released in North America for biological control of Centaurea maculosa and C. diffusa is parasitized by a Pteromalus sp. Parasitism up to 60% of U. quadrifasciata was found in samples of seed heads of C. maculosa and C. diffusa collected from 54 of the 59 counties sampled in Michigan and in one sample of C. maculosa seed heads from Hennepin County, Minnesota. Parasitism of U. quadrifasciata has rarely been reported

Establishment, Impacts, and Current Range of Spotted Knapweed (\u3ci\u3eCentaurea Stoebe\u3c/i\u3e Ssp. \u3ci\u3eMicranthos\u3c/i\u3e) Biological Control Insects in Michigan

Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (spotted knapweed) is an invasive plant that has been the target of classical biological control in North America for more than four decades. Work in the western U.S. and Canada has shown the seedhead-feeding weevils Larinus minutus Gyllenhal and Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the root-boring weevil Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to be the most effective C. stoebe control agents. These three weevils have recently been introduced into the eastern U.S., including sites in Michigan in 2007 and 2009. In 2010, we made additional releases at six sites in Michigan, monitoring them for three years 2011-13. Here we report on the establishment, impact, and cur- rent range of L. minutus, L. obtusus, and C. achates in Michigan. We also report on the initial results of native plant overseeding treatments that were applied to biological control release sites with the aim of supplementing the nectar source C. stoebe provides. We found that L. minutus has established at all of its Michigan release sites and is widespread in the southwestern part of the state, while L. obtusus has established at the single site where it was released in 2007 and is spreading to adjoining counties. We also found C. achates to be present at four sites and established at one additional site in Michigan, but in all cases abundances are low and dispersal has been minimal (\u3c 10 m). In the three years following the 2010 releases, we found no measurable impacts of these biological control agents on C. stoebe growth, demographics, or plant community metrics. We also found little evidence of native flowering plant establishment at seeded sites. These baseline data will be useful in monitoring the spread and potential impacts of biological control agents on C. stoebe in Michigan

Notas taxonómicas y nomenclaturales en Centaurea: propuesta de clasificación, descripción de secciones y subsecciones nuevas, y lista de especies de una sección Centaurea redefinida

In this paper, we summarize the results of our long-date research on the genus Centaurea. The first part of the paper deals with the overall classification of the genus, which we propose to divide into three subgenera: subgenus Centaurea, subgenus Cyanus and subgenus Lopholoma. The second part of this publication gives a recopilation of the species of the redefined section Centaurea, a group that includes former sections Acrolophus (sect. Centaurea s. str.), Phalolepis and Willkommia, together with taxonomical, geographical, ecological and karyological considerations. Finally, new descriptions or nomenclatural combinations are proposed to correlate nomenclature to the new classification: a new combination (sect. Acrocentron subsect. Chamaecyanus) is proposed in subgenus Lopholoma; three new sections (sects. Akamantis, Cnicus, and Hyerapolitanae) are described in subgenus Centaurea; two subsections (subsects. Phalolepis and Willkommia) in sect. Centaurea; and three subsections (subsects. Exarata, Jacea, and Subtilis) in sect. Phrygia.En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de nuestras investigaciones de larga fecha en el género Centaurea. La primera parte del trabajo trata de la clasificación del género, que proponemos dividir en tres subgéneros: subgénero Centaurea, subgénero Cyanus y subgénero Lopholoma. La segunda parte es una recopilación de las especies de la redefinida sección Centaurea, que incluye las antiguas secciones Acrolophus (sect. Centaurea s. str.), Phalolepis y Willkommia, junto con consideraciones geográficas, ecológicas y cariológicas. Por último, proponemos nuevas secciones, subsecciones y combinaciones para correlacionar nomenclatura y clasificación: proponemos una nueva (sect. Acrocentron subsect. Chamaecyanus) en el subgénero Lopholoma; se describen tres secciones nuevas (sects. Akamantis, Cnicus y Hyerapolitanae) en el subgénero Centaurea; dos subsecciones (subsects. Phalolepis and Willkommia) en la sección Centaurea; y tres subsecciones (subsects. Exarata, Jacea y Subtilis) en la sección Phrygia

Nuevas localidades y una nueva variedad de Centaurea ultreiae Silva Pando (Compositoe)

New localities and a new variety of Centaurea ultreiae Silva Pando (Compositae). Palabras clave. Centaurea, Compositae, corología, A Coruña, España.Key Words. Centaurea, Compositae, corology, A Coruña, Spain

Cassini's Compositae genera: A nomenclatural and taxonomic assessment

Work on the Global Compositae Checklist has highlighted uncertainties and errors in the nomenclatural parameters of many genera and subgenera described by Henri Cassini. Problems concern rank (subgenus vs. genus); type designation; correct place of valid publication; alternative names; and other miscellaneous issues. An annotated list with correct nomenclatural information for 391 generic names or designations is provided, including types (newly designated here for 17 names) and one new combination (Gyptis tanacetifolia). The current taxonomic disposition of Cassini's genera and the accepted names for the listed typonyms are consistently mentioned. The familiar names Felicia and Chrysopsis, already conserved, are threatened by unlisted earlier synonyms, and currently used Fulcaldea turns out to be illegitimate. Proposals to deal with these problems by conservation are being presented separatel