84 research outputs found
Advances in Antenna Design and System Technologies for Next Generation Cellular Systems
10.1155/2013/610319International Journal of Antennas and Propagation201361031
Cooperative control of relay based cellular networks
PhDThe increasing popularity of wireless communications and the higher data
requirements of new types of service lead to higher demands on wireless networks.
Relay based cellular networks have been seen as an effective way to meet usersâ
increased data rate requirements while still retaining the benefits of a cellular
structure. However, maximizing the probability of providing service and spectrum
efficiency are still major challenges for network operators and engineers because of
the heterogeneous traffic demands, hard-to-predict user movements and complex
traffic models.
In a mobile network, load balancing is recognised as an efficient way to increase
the utilization of limited frequency spectrum at reasonable costs. Cooperative
control based on geographic load balancing is employed to provide flexibility for
relay based cellular networks and to respond to changes in the environment.
According to the potential capability of existing antenna systems, adaptive radio
frequency domain control in the physical layer is explored to provide coverage at
the right place at the right time.
This thesis proposes several effective and efficient approaches to improve
spectrum efficiency using network wide optimization to coordinate the coverage
offered by different network components according to the antenna models and
relay station capability. The approaches include tilting of antenna sectors,
changing the power of omni-directional antennas, and changing the assignment of
relay stations to different base stations. Experiments show that the proposed
approaches offer significant improvements and robustness in heterogeneous traffic
scenarios and when the propagation environment changes. The issue of predicting
the consequence of cooperative decisions regarding antenna configurations when
applied in a realistic environment is described, and a coverage prediction model is
proposed. The consequences of applying changes to the antenna configuration on
handovers are analysed in detail. The performance evaluations are based on a
system level simulator in the context of Mobile WiMAX technology, but the
concepts apply more generally
Observed time difference of arrival based position estimation for LTE systems: simulation framework and performance evaluation
Precise user equipment (UE) location is paramount for the reliable operation of location-based services provided by mobile network operators and other emerging applications. In this paper, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network positioning performance based on mobile assist Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDoA) method is considered. The received signal time difference (RSTD) measurements are estimated by the UE using dedicated position reference signal (PRS) transmitted in the downlink frame where the reported time measurements are used by the network for location calculation. A simulation framework for the position estimation in LTE networks is presented where the LTE downlink communication link is implemented. The correlation-based method for the time of arrival measurement is used for the implementation of OTDoA. The simulation framework provides different configurations and adjustments for the system and network parameters for evaluating the performance of LTE positioning using OTDoA over multipath fading channels. Different simulation scenarios are conducted to identify the influence of various parameters of LTE system and positioning procedure setup on the positioning accuracy. Simulation results demonstrated that the positioning accuracy is highly affected by the channel fading condition where the accuracy of time of arrival measurements is deteriorated in severe fading environments; however, the positioning accuracy can be significantly improved by increasing the positioning sequences involved in the estimation process either in the frequency domain or in the time domain
Observed time difference of arrival based position estimation for LTE systems: simulation framework and performance evaluation
Precise user equipment (UE) location is paramount for the reliable operation of location-based services provided by mobile network operators and other emerging applications. In this paper, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network positioning performance based on mobile assist Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDoA) method is considered. The received signal time difference (RSTD) measurements are estimated by the UE using dedicated position reference signal (PRS) transmitted in the downlink frame where the reported time measurements are used by the network for location calculation. A simulation framework for the position estimation in LTE networks is presented where the LTE downlink communication link is implemented. The correlation-based method for the time of arrival measurement is used for the implementation of OTDoA. The simulation framework provides different configurations and adjustments for the system and network parameters for evaluating the performance of LTE positioning using OTDoA over multipath fading channels. Different simulation scenarios are conducted to identify the influence of various parameters of LTE system and positioning procedure setup on the positioning accuracy. Simulation results demonstrated that the positioning accuracy is highly affected by the channel fading condition where the accuracy of time of arrival measurements is deteriorated in severe fading environments; however, the positioning accuracy can be significantly improved by increasing the positioning sequences involved in the estimation process either in the frequency domain or in the time domain
Timing and Carrier Synchronization in Wireless Communication Systems: A Survey and Classification of Research in the Last 5 Years
Timing and carrier synchronization is a fundamental requirement for any wireless communication system to work properly. Timing synchronization is the process by which a receiver node determines the correct instants of time at which to sample the incoming signal. Carrier synchronization is the process by which a receiver adapts the frequency and phase of its local carrier oscillator with those of the received signal. In this paper, we survey the literature over the last 5 years (2010â2014) and present a comprehensive literature review and classification of the recent research progress in achieving timing and carrier synchronization in single-input single-output (SISO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), cooperative relaying, and multiuser/multicell interference networks. Considering both single-carrier and multi-carrier communication systems, we survey and categorize the timing and carrier synchronization techniques proposed for the different communication systems focusing on the system model assumptions for synchronization, the synchronization challenges, and the state-of-the-art synchronization solutions and their limitations. Finally, we envision some future research directions
Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments
The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: ⢠Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments⢠Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks⢠Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication⢠Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs⢠Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks⢠Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures⢠Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques⢠Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications⢠Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems⢠Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin
Cooperative Radio Communications for Green Smart Environments
The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: ⢠Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environments⢠Measurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networks⢠Key issues in Vehicle (V2X) communication⢠Wireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs⢠Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access Networks⢠Definitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures⢠Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniques⢠Recent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communications⢠Physical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems⢠Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testin
Propagation measurement based study on relay networks
Von der nächsten Generation von Mobilfunksystemen erwartet man eine
umfassende Versorgung mit breitbandigen Multimediadiensten. Um die dafĂźr
erforderliche flächendeckende Versorgung mit hohen Datenraten zu
gewährleisten, kÜnnen Relay-Netzwerke einen wesentlichen Beitrag liefern.
Hierbei werden Netzwerkstationen mit Relay-Funktionalität in zellulare
Netzwerke integriert.
Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Untersuchung Relay-basierter
Netzwerke unter Verwendung von Ausbreitungsmessungen. Die Arbeit deckt
Fragen zur Kanalmodellierung, Systemevaluierung bis hin zur
Systemverifikation ab. - Zunächst wird ein auf Funkkanalmessungen
beruhendes experimentelles Kanalmodell fĂźr Relay-Netzwerke vorgestellt. Im
Weiteren werden technische Verfahren fĂźr Mehrfachzugriffs-Relay-Netzwerke
MARN diskutiert. Die erreichbare Systemleistung wurde unter Verwendung von
Rayleigh-Kanälen innerhalb einer Systemsimulation bestimmt und im Anschluss
mit realen Kanälen, die sowohl direkt aus Funkkanalmessungen als auch
indirekt aus dem bereits erwähnten Kanalmodell abgeleitet wurden,
verifiziert.
Bisherige Arbeiten zur Modellierung breitbandiger Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) Kanäle berßcksichtigen nicht oder nur sehr stark
vereinfacht die Langzeitkorrelationseigenschaften zwischen den Links und
werden damit der vermaschten und räumlich weit verteilten Topologie von
Relay-Netzwerken gerecht. In der vorliegenden Dissertation erfolgte daher
eine experimentelle Untersuchung zu den Korrelationseigenschaften von
Large-Scale-Parametern LSP, die unter Verwendung von Funkkanalmessdaten aus
urbanen Umgebungen und aus Innenräumen abgeleitet wurden. Die Ergebnisse
hierzu fanden Eingang in das vom WINNER-Projekt entwickelte Kanalmodell.
Sie erlauben damit eine realistischere Simulation von Relay-unterstĂźtzten
Netzen.
Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit stellen technische Verfahren dar,
die eine ErhĂśhung der Systemleistung in MARN mit unbekannter Interferenz
UKIF versprechen. Im Einzelnen handelt es sich um die
Mehrfachzugriffs-Kodierung MAC - die eine verbesserte Signaltrennung auf
der Empfängerseite und eine ErhÜhung des Datendurchsatzes erlaubt, den
Entwurf eines Relay-Protokolls zur ErhĂśhung der Systemeffizienz, einen
Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) Algorithmus zur UnterdrĂźckung unbekannter
Interferenzen bei Erhaltung der MAC-Signalstruktur mehrerer Mobilstationen
MS, und ein fehlererkennungsbasiertes Signalauswahlverfahren zur
DiversitätserhÜhung.
Die vorgenannten Verfahren werden in einer Systemsimulation zunächst mit
Rayleigh-Kanälen evaluiert und demonstrieren die erzielbare theoretische
Leistungssteigerung. Die Berßcksichtigung realer Funkkanäle innerhalb der
Systemsimulation zeigt allerdings, dass die theoretische Systemleistung so
in der Realität nicht erreichbar ist. Die Ursache hierfßr ist in den
idealisierten Annahmen theoretischer Kanäle zu suchen.
FĂźr die Entwicklung kĂźnftiger Relay-Netzwerke bieten die in dieser Arbeit
aufbereiteten Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der
Langzeitkorrelationseigenschaften zwischen den Links einen wertvollen
Beitrag fßr die Abschätzung ihrer Systemleistung auf der Basis eines
verbesserten Kanalmodells.Considering technological bases of next generation wireless systems, it is
expected that systems can provide a variety of coverage requirements to
support ubiquitous communications. To satisfy the requirements, an
innovative idea, integrating network elements with a relaying capability
into cellular networks, is one of the most promising solutions.
The main topic of this dissertation is a propagation measurement based
study on relay networks. The study includes three parts: channel modeling,
performance evaluation, and verification. First of all, an empirical
channel model for relay networks is proposed based on statistical analyses
of measurement data. Then, advanced techniques for the throughput
improvement and interference cancellation are proposed for Multiple Access
Relay Networks (MARN) which are used as an example of relay networks. The
performance of the considered MARN is evaluated for Rayleigh channels, and
then verified for realistic channels, obtained from measurement data and
from the experimental relay channel model as well.
For relay channel modeling, the long-term correlation properties between
links are of crucial importance due to the meshed-network topology.
Although, there is a wide variety of research results for Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel modeling available, the characterization of
correlation properties has been significantly simplified or even completely
ignored which motivates this research to be performed. In this
dissertation, the experimental results of the correlation properties of
Large Scale Parameters (LSP) are presented through the analysis on the
real-field measurement data for both the urban and indoor scenarios.
furthermore, the correlation properties have been fully introduced into the
WINNER channel Model (WIM) for realistic relay channel simulations.
As a further contribution of this dissertation, various advanced techniques
are proposed for MARN in the presence of Unknown Interference (UKIF).
Multiple Access Coding (MAC) is introduced as a multiple access technique.
The use of MAC provides the signal separability at the receiver and
improves throughput. Thereafter, high system resource efficiency can be
achieved through relay protocol design. At the receiver, Minimum Mean
Square Error (MMSE)-based spatial filtering is used to suppress UKIF while
preserving multiple Mobile Station (MS)sâ MAC-encoded signal structure.
Furthermore, an error detection aided signal selection technique is
proposed for diversity increasing.
The theoretical system performance with aforementioned techniques is
simulated for Rayleigh channels. Thereafter, realistic channels are
exploited for the performance verification. The gap between the theoretical
performance and the realistic performance indicates that the assumptions
made to the simplified Rayleigh-channels do not fully hold in reality.
For the future relay system design, this work provides valuable information
about the performance evaluation of relay networks in consideration of the
correlation properties between links
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