On ideals of a skew lattice

Ideals are one of the main topics of interest to the study of the order structure of an algebra. Due to their nice properties, ideals have an important role both in lattice theory and semigroup theory. Two natural concepts of ideal can be derived, respectively, from the two concepts of order that arise in the context of skew lattices. The correspondence between the ideals of a skew lattice, derived from the preorder, and the ideals of its respective lattice image is clear. Though, skew ideals, derived from the partial order, seem to be closer to the specific nature of skew lattices. In this paper we review ideals in skew lattices and discuss the intersection of this with the study of the coset structure of a skew lattice.Comment: 16 page

Quantum Exotic PDE's

Following the previous works on the A. Pr\'astaro's formulation of algebraic topology of quantum (super) PDE's, it is proved that a canonical Heyting algebra ({\em integral Heyting algebra}) can be associated to any quantum PDE. This is directly related to the structure of its global solutions. This allows us to recognize a new inside in the concept of quantum logic for microworlds. Furthermore, the Prastaro's geometric theory of quantum PDE's is applied to the new category of {\em quantum hypercomplex manifolds}, related to the well-known Cayley-Dickson construction for algebras. Theorems of existence for local and global solutions are obtained for (singular) PDE's in this new category of noncommutative manifolds. Finally the extension of the concept of exotic PDE's, recently introduced by A.Pr\'astaro, has been extended to quantum PDE's. Then a smooth quantum version of the quantum (generalized) Poincar\'e conjecture is given too. These results extend ones for quantum (generalized) Poincar\'e conjecture, previously given by A. Pr\'astaro.Comment: 52 page

The type III manufactory

This paper of 9-10 pages is just a first draft, it contains very few proofs.   It is possible that some propositions are false, or that some proofs are incomplete or trivially false.Using unusual objects in the theory of von Neumann algebra, as the chinese game Go or the Conway game of life (generalized on finitely presented groups), we are able to build, by hands, many type III factors

Uniqueness and non-uniqueness in percolation theory

This paper is an up-to-date introduction to the problem of uniqueness versus non-uniqueness of infinite clusters for percolation on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ and, more generally, on transitive graphs. For iid percolation on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$, uniqueness of the infinite cluster is a classical result, while on certain other transitive graphs uniqueness may fail. Key properties of the graphs in this context turn out to be amenability and nonamenability. The same problem is considered for certain dependent percolation models -- most prominently the Fortuin--Kasteleyn random-cluster model -- and in situations where the standard connectivity notion is replaced by entanglement or rigidity. So-called simultaneous uniqueness in couplings of percolation processes is also considered. Some of the main results are proved in detail, while for others the proofs are merely sketched, and for yet others they are omitted. Several open problems are discussed.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/154957806000000096 in the Probability Surveys (http://www.i-journals.org/ps/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

The Octonions

The octonions are the largest of the four normed division algebras. While somewhat neglected due to their nonassociativity, they stand at the crossroads of many interesting fields of mathematics. Here we describe them and their relation to Clifford algebras and spinors, Bott periodicity, projective and Lorentzian geometry, Jordan algebras, and the exceptional Lie groups. We also touch upon their applications in quantum logic, special relativity and supersymmetry.Comment: 56 pages LaTeX, 11 Postscript Figures, some small correction

Tensor Network Methods for Invariant Theory

Invariant theory is concerned with functions that do not change under the action of a given group. Here we communicate an approach based on tensor networks to represent polynomial local unitary invariants of quantum states. This graphical approach provides an alternative to the polynomial equations that describe invariants, which often contain a large number of terms with coefficients raised to high powers. This approach also enables one to use known methods from tensor network theory (such as the matrix product state factorization) when studying polynomial invariants. As our main example, we consider invariants of matrix product states. We generate a family of tensor contractions resulting in a complete set of local unitary invariants that can be used to express the R\'enyi entropies. We find that the graphical approach to representing invariants can provide structural insight into the invariants being contracted, as well as an alternative, and sometimes much simpler, means to study polynomial invariants of quantum states. In addition, many tensor network methods, such as matrix product states, contain excellent tools that can be applied in the study of invariants.Comment: 21 page