141,767 research outputs found
Building an Expert System for Evaluation of Commercial Cloud Services
Commercial Cloud services have been increasingly supplied to customers in
industry. To facilitate customers' decision makings like cost-benefit analysis
or Cloud provider selection, evaluation of those Cloud services are becoming
more and more crucial. However, compared with evaluation of traditional
computing systems, more challenges will inevitably appear when evaluating
rapidly-changing and user-uncontrollable commercial Cloud services. This paper
proposes an expert system for Cloud evaluation that addresses emerging
evaluation challenges in the context of Cloud Computing. Based on the knowledge
and data accumulated by exploring the existing evaluation work, this expert
system has been conceptually validated to be able to give suggestions and
guidelines for implementing new evaluation experiments. As such, users can
conveniently obtain evaluation experiences by using this expert system, which
is essentially able to make existing efforts in Cloud services evaluation
reusable and sustainable.Comment: 8 page, Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Cloud and
Service Computing (CSC 2012), pp. 168-175, Shanghai, China, November 22-24,
201
Constructing Ontology-Based Cancer Treatment Decision Support System with Case-Based Reasoning
Decision support is a probabilistic and quantitative method designed for
modeling problems in situations with ambiguity. Computer technology can be
employed to provide clinical decision support and treatment recommendations.
The problem of natural language applications is that they lack formality and
the interpretation is not consistent. Conversely, ontologies can capture the
intended meaning and specify modeling primitives. Disease Ontology (DO) that
pertains to cancer's clinical stages and their corresponding information
components is utilized to improve the reasoning ability of a decision support
system (DSS). The proposed DSS uses Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) to consider
disease manifestations and provides physicians with treatment solutions from
similar previous cases for reference. The proposed DSS supports natural
language processing (NLP) queries. The DSS obtained 84.63% accuracy in disease
classification with the help of the ontology
Linking Quality Attributes and Constraints with Architectural Decisions
Quality attributes and constraints are among the main drivers of
architectural decision making. The quality attributes are improved or damaged
by the architectural decisions, while restrictions directly include or exclude
parts of the architecture (for example, the logical components or
technologies). We can determine the impact of a decision of architecture in
software quality, or which parts of the architecture are affected by a
constraint, but the difficult problem is whether we are respecting the quality
requirements (requirements on quality attributes) and constraints with all the
architectural decisions made. Currently, the common practice is that architects
use their own experience to design architectures that meet the quality
requirements and restrictions, but at the end, especially for the crucial
decisions, the architect has to deal with complex trade-offs between quality
attributes and juggle possible incompatibilities raised by the constraints. In
this paper we present Quark, a computer-aided method to support architects in
software architecture decision making
Evaluation of a novel digital environment for learning medical parasitology.
open access articleEukaryotic parasites represent a serious human health threat requiring health professionals with parasitology skills to counteract this threat. However, recent surveys highlight an erosion of teaching of parasitology in medical and veterinary schools, despite reports of increasing instances of food and water borne parasitic infections. To address this we developed a web-based resource, DMU e-Parasitology®, to facilitate the teaching and learning of parasitology, comprising four sections: theoretical; virtual laboratory; virtual microscopy; virtual clinical case studies. Testing the package was performed using a questionnaire given to ninety-five Pharmacy students in 2017/18 to assess effectiveness of the package as a teaching and learning tool. 89.5% of students reported appropriate acquisition of knowledge of the pathology, prevention and treatment of some parasitic diseases. 82.1% also welcomed the clinical specialism of the package as it helped them to acquire basic diagnostic skills, through learning infective features/morphology of the parasites
Conceptualising transition from education to work as vocational practice: lessons from the UK's creative and cultural sector
The paper argues that: (i) the demise of ‘occupational’ and ‘internal’ and the spread of ‘external’ labour markets in growth areas of UK economy such as the creative and cultural (C&C) sector, coupled with the massification of higher education which has created a new type of post-degree ‘vocational need’, means that the transition from education to work should be re-thought as the development of vocational practice rather than the acquisition of qualifications; and, (ii) in order to re-think transition as the development of vocational practice it is necessary to eviscerate the legacy of the ‘traditional’ conception of practice in UK educational policy. The paper reviews a number of alternative social scientific conceptions of practice, formulates more multi-faceted conceptions of vocational practice, and discusses their implications for UK and EU educational policy
The challenge of complexity for cognitive systems
Complex cognition addresses research on (a) high-level cognitive processes – mainly problem solving, reasoning, and decision making – and their interaction with more basic processes such as perception, learning, motivation and emotion and (b) cognitive processes which take place in a complex, typically dynamic, environment. Our focus is on AI systems and cognitive models dealing with complexity and on psychological findings which can inspire or challenge cognitive systems research. In this overview we first motivate why we have to go beyond models for rather simple cognitive processes and reductionist experiments. Afterwards, we give a characterization of complexity from our perspective. We introduce the triad of cognitive science methods – analytical, empirical, and engineering methods – which in our opinion have all to be utilized to tackle complex cognition. Afterwards we highlight three aspects of complex cognition – complex problem solving, dynamic decision making, and learning of concepts, skills and strategies. We conclude with some reflections about and challenges for future research
Epistemic and social scripts in computer-supported collaborative learning
Collaborative learning in computer-supported learning environments typically means that learners work on tasks together, discussing their individual perspectives via text-based media or videoconferencing, and consequently acquire knowledge. Collaborative learning, however, is often sub-optimal with respect to how learners work on the concepts that are supposed to be learned and how learners interact with each other. One possibility to improve collaborative learning environments is to conceptualize epistemic scripts, which specify how learners work on a given task, and social scripts, which structure how learners interact with each other. In this contribution, two studies will be reported that investigated the effects of epistemic and social scripts in a text-based computer-supported learning environment and in a videoconferencing learning environment in order to foster the individual acquisition of knowledge. In each study the factors ‘epistemic script’ and ‘social script’ have been independently varied in a 2×2-factorial design. 182 university students of Educational Science participated in these two studies. Results of both studies show that social scripts can be substantially beneficial with respect to the individual acquisition of knowledge, whereas epistemic scripts apparently do not to lead to the expected effects
An Argumentation-Based Reasoner to Assist Digital Investigation and Attribution of Cyber-Attacks
We expect an increase in the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks that
comes along with the need for efficient security countermeasures. The process
of attributing a cyber-attack helps to construct efficient and targeted
mitigating and preventive security measures. In this work, we propose an
argumentation-based reasoner (ABR) as a proof-of-concept tool that can help a
forensics analyst during the analysis of forensic evidence and the attribution
process. Given the evidence collected from a cyber-attack, our reasoner can
assist the analyst during the investigation process, by helping him/her to
analyze the evidence and identify who performed the attack. Furthermore, it
suggests to the analyst where to focus further analyses by giving hints of the
missing evidence or new investigation paths to follow. ABR is the first
automatic reasoner that can combine both technical and social evidence in the
analysis of a cyber-attack, and that can also cope with incomplete and
conflicting information. To illustrate how ABR can assist in the analysis and
attribution of cyber-attacks we have used examples of cyber-attacks and their
analyses as reported in publicly available reports and online literature. We do
not mean to either agree or disagree with the analyses presented therein or
reach attribution conclusions
Memory-Based Lexical Acquisition and Processing
Current approaches to computational lexicology in language technology are
knowledge-based (competence-oriented) and try to abstract away from specific
formalisms, domains, and applications. This results in severe complexity,
acquisition and reusability bottlenecks. As an alternative, we propose a
particular performance-oriented approach to Natural Language Processing based
on automatic memory-based learning of linguistic (lexical) tasks. The
consequences of the approach for computational lexicology are discussed, and
the application of the approach on a number of lexical acquisition and
disambiguation tasks in phonology, morphology and syntax is described.Comment: 18 page
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