11,106 research outputs found

    New Directions in Philosophy of Medicine

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    The purpose of this chapter is to describe what we see as several important new directions for philosophy of medicine. This recent work (i) takes existing discussions in important and promising new directions, (ii) identifies areas that have not received sufficient and deserved attention to date, and/or (iii) brings together philosophy of medicine with other areas of philosophy (including bioethics, philosophy of psychiatry, and social epistemology). To this end, the next part focuses on what we call the “epistemological turn” in recent work in the philosophy of medicine; the third part addresses new developments in medical research that raise interesting questions for philosophy of medicine; the fourth part is a discussion of philosophical issues within the practice of diagnosis; the fifth part focuses on the recent developments in psychiatric classification and scientific and ethical issues therein, and the final part focuses on the objectivity of medical research

    Diagnosing Mental Health Disorders in Primary Care: Evaluation of a New Training Tool

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    abstract: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent illnesses that can result in profound impairment. While many patients with these disorders present in primary care, research suggests that physicians under-detect and suboptimally manage MDD and PTSD in their patients. The development of more effective training interventions to aid primary care providers in diagnosing mental health disorders is of the utmost importance. This research focuses on evaluating computer-based training tools (Avatars) for training family physicians to better diagnose MDD and PTSD. Three interventions are compared: a "choice" avatar simulation training program, a "fixed" avatar simulation training program, and a text-based training program for training physicians to improve their diagnostic interviewing skills in detecting and diagnosing MDD and PTSD. Two one-way ANCOVAs were used to analyze the differences between the groups on diagnostic accuracy while controlling for mental health experience. In order to assess specifically how prior mental health experience affected diagnostic accuracy the covariate of prior mental health experience was then used as an independent variable and simple main effects and pairwise comparisons were evaluated. Results indicated that for the MDD case both avatar treatment groups significantly outperformed the text-based treatment in diagnostic accuracy regardless of prior mental health experience. For the PTSD case those receiving the fixed avatar simulation training more accurately diagnosed PTSD than the text-based training group and the choice-avatar training group regardless of prior mental health experience. Confidence ratings indicated that the majority of participants were very confident with their diagnoses for both cases. Discussion focused on the utility of avatar technology in medical education. The findings in this study indicate that avatar technology aided the participants in diagnosing MDD and PTSD better than traditional text-based methods employed to train PCPs to diagnose. Regardless of experience level the fixed avatar group outperformed the other groups for both cases. Avatar technology used in diagnostic training can be user-friendly and cost-effective. It can also have a world-wide reach. Additional educational benefit could be provided by using automated text analysis to provide physicians with feedback based on the extent to which their case diagnostic summaries cover relevant content. In conclusion, avatar technology can offer robust training that could be potentially transferred to real environment performance.Dissertation/ThesisPh.D. Counseling Psychology 201

    Introduction to Pediatric Epilepsy for Neuropsychology Students: A Literature Review

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    Trends dynamics in Psychiatric Systems today

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    FThe author makes some epistemologicalconsiderations on the urge to spreadpsychosomatics. To begin with, the heavyburden of mental disturbs in health caresystems today lead to an absolute need fora proper psychosomatic training of generalpractitioners.Then the 50 years of increasingpsycopharmacological treatments availableaccount for the mainstream split-care model;as the number of psychiatrists who focuson logotherapy decreased systematicallywhile the professional body of nonmedicaltherapists has grown. Hence the impendingneed of psychosomatics as a counterbalanceto adequately deal with the bio-psychosocialaspects involved both in heath and indisease.Finally concluding that, between physicalismand panpsychism, Psychosomatic Medicinehas to find its way by getting rid of theoutdated cartesian dualism

    PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITES

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    Students with learning disabilities face many challenges throughout their academic careers. There are numerous assessments to diagnose students and many strategies to assist them in the classroom. There are three main learning disabilities which students can be diagnosed with: Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia. There are currently an estimated number of six million students who are diagnosed with a learning disability. This study investigated if students with learning disabilities face more psychosocial challenges than their peers without learning disabilities. This study focuses on the psychosocial implications that students with learning disabilities face from peers, parents and school personnel. These psychosocial implications include more depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem than other peers, unrealistic self-perspectives, and anxiety and face peer challenges such as bullying. The final chapter discusses strategies to assist students with learning disabilities including more screening for students with disabilities to determine if he or she is facing a psychosocial challenge as well as more education about psychosocial challenges to parents, teachers and school administration

    Autism: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Counseling Journals, 1986-2021

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    Abstract This qualitative content analysis (QCA) examined three American Counseling Association (ACA) journals and how Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is covered in them: Journal of Counseling Development (JCD), Journal of Multicultural Counseling Development (JMCD), and Counselor Education and Supervision (CES). Within the three listed journals, there were a total of 4,749 articles published from the years 1986 to 2021, with a total of 6 articles found related to ASD. Throughout the QCA process, four themes were established: Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder, Considerations for Counseling Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Neurofeedback in Counseling. This research study shows that although the prevalence of ASD is increasing, the research is not. In addition to an increasing rate of ASD, there is a high comorbid rate with mental health diagnosis and ASD, which often require counseling. With the different dynamics and characteristics of ASD, counselors need to be trained appropriately to ensure competency in this area. This meaning, there a significant lack of research done on the topic of ASD in the counseling journals, and it is recommended that more research is completed. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, Asperger’

    Remarks: Neuroscience, Gender, and the Law

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    n my recent research, I have been exploring the legal impact of advances in the neuroscience of gender, such as whether and how stakeholders are using recent studies finding structural and functional differences between male and female brains in an attempt to influence the law. I also have been examining whether and how stakeholders are using the neuroscience of both gender-specific and gender-prevalent health conditions to influence the interpretation of civil and regulatory health law. Today, I am going to explore how stakeholders are using advances in the neuroscience of three gender-specific and genderprevalent conditions (the postpartum mood disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and eating disorders) to secure health care benefits under group health plans and individual health insurance policies and to push for the inclusion of these conditions in mental health parity legislation. More broadly, I hope to show you how neuroscience is quickly becoming a very important tool in the arsenal of health care stakeholders and lobbyists, especially those charged with promoting women’s access to mental health car

    Bad Science Makes Bad Law: How the Deference Afforded to Psychiatry Undermines Civil Libterties

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