Tunable Versatile High Input Impedance Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Based on DDCCs

A high input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with three input terminals and seven output terminals is presented. The proposed circuit uses three differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), four resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can realize all the standard filter functions, namely, lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass, simultaneously. The proposed circuit offers the features of high input impedance, using only grounded capacitors, and orthogonal controllability of resonance angular frequency and quality factor

A New Current Mode SIMO-Type Universal Biquad Employing Multi-Output Current Conveyors (MOCCIIs)

This study presents a new current-mode singleinput and multi-output (SIMO) type universal biquad circuit using second generation multi-output current conveyors (MOCCII) as the active components. The proposed circuit employs three MOCCIIs, two grounded capacitors and four grounded resistors, therefore offers electroning tuning possibilities. It can simultaneously realize second order low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass filters. The circuit is cascadable and has low sensitivities. It provides independent control of ω0 (natural angular frequency) and Q (quality factor). The influences of MOCCII parasitic elements have been analyzed and simulated using PSPICE. Experimental results including frequency responses of low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filters, as well as frequency responses of filters with different ω0 (keeping Q invariable) and different Q (keeping ω0 invariable) are shown to be in agreement with theory

DV-EXCCCII Based Resistor-Less Current-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter

This study aims to present a new resistor-less current-mode multi-input single-output universal filter. The current-mode’s design approach is used to obtain the proposed circuit. This circuit employs a single differential voltage extra-X current controlled current conveyor (DV-EXCCCII) and two grounded capacitors. This multifunction filter circuit offers low-pass, high-pass, all-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filters at a single output terminal without passive component matching constraints. The same circuit topology can obtain all second-order filter functions with different input conditions. The proposed circuit design is electronically adjustable with the bias current of DV-EXCCCII. Because of its high output impedance, this arrangement is suitable for cascading other current-mode circuits. The proposed circuit is simulated by Cadence Spectre with 0.18 µm UMC CMOS technology process parameters at ± 0.9 V supply voltages. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical concept of the proposed circuit

Voltage-Mode All-Pass Filters Using Universal Voltage Conveyor and MOSFET-Based Electronic Resistors

The paper presents two novel realizations of voltage-mode first-order all-pass filters. Both circuits use single universal voltage conveyor (UVC), single capacitor, and two grounded resistors. Using the two NMOS transistors-based realizations of the electronic resistor with two symmetrical power supplies, presented all-pass filter circuits can be easily made electronically tunable. Proposed filter structures provide both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously and they have high-input and low-output impedances that are desired for easy cascading in voltage-mode operations. The nonidealities of the proposed circuits are also analyzed and compared. The theoretical results of both circuits are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS process parameters. Based on the evaluation, the behavior of one of the circuits featuring better performance was also experimentally measured using the UVC-N1C 0520 integrated circuit

One-Input Three-Output Current-Mode Universal Filter Using Translinear Current Conveyors

This paper presents a new current-mode universal filter with one-input three-output employing three translinear current conveyors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed filter provides low-pass, band-pass, high-pass current response with high output impedance output which can be directly connected for current-mode circuit. The band-pass and all-pass filters can also be obtained. The parameters wo and Q can be controlled separately and electronically by the bias currents of current conveyors. For realizing all filtering functions, no passive and active matching conditions are required. The active and passive sensitivities are low. The characteristic of the proposed circuit can be confirmed by SPICE simulations

Systematic Design of Pseudo-Differential Frequency Filter

In the paper, the theory of systematic design frequency filters is described. The result is a fourth-order pseudo-differential frequency filter operating in the voltagemode and implemented as a cascade connection of two basic second-order blocks. The filter is able to realize the low-pass filtering functions. The basic block employs three active elements and four passive elements. The filter is characterized by a minimum number of passive elements and high output impedance. Filter analysis examines the magnitude, phase, common-mode rejection ratio signal, and behavior of filters while reducing the recommended voltage. The proper functionality of the filter is verified by simulations and experimental measurements for two different interconnections

Fully-Differential Frequency Filters with Modern Active Elements

Tato disertační práce se zaměřuje na výzkum v oblasti frekvenčních filtrů. Hlavním cílem je navrhnout a analyzovat plně diferenční kmitočtové filtry pracující v proudovém módu a využívající moderní aktivní prvky. Prezentované filtry jsou navrženy za použití proudových sledovačů, operačních transkonduktančních zesilovačů, plně diferenčních proudových zesilovačů a transrezistančních zesilovačů. Návrh se zaměřuje na možnost řídit některý z typických parametrů filtru pomocí řiditelných aktivních prvků, které jsou vhodně umístněny do obvodové struktury. Jednotlivé prezentované filtry jsou navrženy v nediferenční a diferenční verzi. Velký důraz je věnován srovnání plně diferenčních struktur s jejich odpovídajícími nediferenčními formami. Funkčnost jednotlivých návrhů je ověřena simulacemi a v některých případech i experimentálním měřením.This doctoral thesis focuses on research in the field of frequency filters. The main goal is to propose and analyze fully-differential current-mode frequency filters employing modern active elements. Presented filters are proposed using current followers, operational transconductance amplifiers, digitally adjustable current amplifiers and transresistance amplifiers. The proposal is focusing on ability to control some of the typical filter parameter or parameters using controllable active elements suitably placed in the circuit structure. Individual presented filters are proposed in their single-ended and fully-differential forms. Great emphasis is paid to a comparison of the fully-differential structures and their corresponding single-ended forms. The functionality of each proposal is verified by simulations and in some cases also by experimental measurements.

Low Voltage Low Power Analogue Circuits Design

Disertační práce je zaměřena na výzkum nejběžnějších metod, které se využívají při návrhu analogových obvodů s využití nízkonapěťových (LV) a nízkopříkonových (LP) struktur. Tyto LV LP obvody mohou být vytvořeny díky vyspělým technologiím nebo také využitím pokročilých technik návrhu. Disertační práce se zabývá právě pokročilými technikami návrhu, především pak nekonvenčními. Mezi tyto techniky patří využití prvků s řízeným substrátem (bulk-driven - BD), s plovoucím hradlem (floating-gate - FG), s kvazi plovoucím hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - QFG), s řízeným substrátem s plovoucím hradlem (bulk-driven floating-gate - BD-FG) a s řízeným substrátem s kvazi plovoucím hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - BD-QFG). Práce je také orientována na možné způsoby implementace známých a moderních aktivních prvků pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém nebo mix-módu. Mezi tyto prvky lze začlenit zesilovače typu OTA (operational transconductance amplifier), CCII (second generation current conveyor), FB-CCII (fully-differential second generation current conveyor), FB-DDA (fully-balanced differential difference amplifier), VDTA (voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CC-CDBA (current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier) a CFOA (current feedback operational amplifier). Za účelem potvrzení funkčnosti a chování výše zmíněných struktur a prvků byly vytvořeny příklady aplikací, které simulují usměrňovací a induktanční vlastnosti diody, dále pak filtry dolní propusti, pásmové propusti a také univerzální filtry. Všechny aktivní prvky a příklady aplikací byly ověřeny pomocí PSpice simulací s využitím parametrů technologie 0,18 m TSMC CMOS. Pro ilustraci přesného a účinného chování struktur je v disertační práci zahrnuto velké množství simulačních výsledků.The dissertation thesis is aiming at examining the most common methods adopted by analog circuits' designers in order to achieve low voltage (LV) low power (LP) configurations. The capability of LV LP operation could be achieved either by developed technologies or by design techniques. The thesis is concentrating upon design techniques, especially the non–conventional ones which are bulk–driven (BD), floating–gate (FG), quasi–floating–gate (QFG), bulk–driven floating–gate (BD–FG) and bulk–driven quasi–floating–gate (BD–QFG) techniques. The thesis also looks at ways of implementing structures of well–known and modern active elements operating in voltage–, current–, and mixed–mode such as operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), second generation current conveyor (CCII), fully–differential second generation current conveyor (FB–CCII), fully–balanced differential difference amplifier (FB–DDA), voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), current–controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CC–CDBA) and current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). In order to confirm the functionality and behavior of these configurations and elements, they have been utilized in application examples such as diode–less rectifier and inductance simulations, as well as low–pass, band–pass and universal filters. All active elements and application examples have been verified by PSpice simulator using the 0.18 m TSMC CMOS parameters. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of structures.

Circuits for Analog Signal Processing Employing Unconventional Active Elements

Disertační práce se zabývá zaváděním nových struktur moderních aktivních prvků pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšeném režimu. Funkčnost a chování těchto prvků byly ověřeny prostřednictvím SPICE simulací. V této práci je zahrnuta řada simulací, které dokazují přesnost a dobré vlastnosti těchto prvků, přičemž velký důraz byl kladen na to, aby tyto prvky byly schopny pracovat při nízkém napájecím napětí, jelikož poptávka po přenosných elektronických zařízeních a implantabilních zdravotnických přístrojích stále roste. Tyto přístroje jsou napájeny bateriemi a k tomu, aby byla prodloužena jejich životnost, trend navrhování analogových obvodů směřuje k stále většímu snižování spotřeby a napájecího napětí. Hlavním přínosem této práce je návrh nových CMOS struktur: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) na základě BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) a QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) na základě FG, transkonduktor na základě nové techniky BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate), CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na základě GD (Gate Driven), VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na základě GD a DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) na základě BD. Dále je uvedeno několik zajímavých aplikací užívajících výše jmenované prvky. Získané výsledky simulací odpovídají teoretickým předpokladům.The dissertation thesis deals with implementing new structures of modern active elements working in voltage_, current_, and mixed mode. The functionality and behavior of these elements have been verified by SPICE simulation. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of those elements. However, a big attention to implement active elements by utilizing LV LP (Low Voltage Low Power) techniques is given in this thesis. This attention came from the fact that growing demand of portable electronic equipments and implantable medical devices are pushing the development towards LV LP integrated circuits because of their influence on batteries lifetime. More specifically, the main contribution of this thesis is to implement new CMOS structures of: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) based on BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) and QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) based on FG; Transconductor based on new technique of BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate); CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on conventional GD (Gate Driven); VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on GD. Moreover, defining new active element i.e. DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) based on BD is also one of the main contributions of this thesis. To confirm the workability and attractive properties of the proposed circuits many applications were exhibited. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.