Fundamental Limits in Correlated Fading MIMO Broadcast Channels: Benefits of Transmit Correlation Diversity

We investigate asymptotic capacity limits of the Gaussian MIMO broadcast channel (BC) with spatially correlated fading to understand when and how much transmit correlation helps the capacity. By imposing a structure on channel covariances (equivalently, transmit correlations at the transmitter side) of users, also referred to as \emph{transmit correlation diversity}, the impact of transmit correlation on the power gain of MIMO BCs is characterized in several regimes of system parameters, with a particular interest in the large-scale array (or massive MIMO) regime. Taking the cost for downlink training into account, we provide asymptotic capacity bounds of multiuser MIMO downlink systems to see how transmit correlation diversity affects the system multiplexing gain. We make use of the notion of joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM) to derive the capacity bounds. It is advocated in this paper that transmit correlation diversity may be of use to significantly increase multiplexing gain as well as power gain in multiuser MIMO systems. In particular, the new type of diversity in wireless communications is shown to improve the system multiplexing gain up to by a factor of the number of degrees of such diversity. Finally, performance limits of conventional large-scale MIMO systems not exploiting transmit correlation are also characterized.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure

On the Required Number of Antennas in a Point-to-Point Large-but-Finite MIMO System: Outage-Limited Scenario

This paper investigates the performance of the point-to-point multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems in the presence of a large but finite numbers of antennas at the transmitters and/or receivers. Considering the cases with and without hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback, we determine the minimum numbers of the transmit/receive antennas which are required to satisfy different outage probability constraints. Our results are obtained for different fading conditions and the effect of the power amplifiers efficiency on the performance of the MIMO-HARQ systems is analyzed. Moreover, we derive closed-form expressions for the asymptotic performance of the MIMO-HARQ systems when the number of antennas increases. Our analytical and numerical results show that different outage requirements can be satisfied with relatively few transmit/receive antennas.Comment: Under review in IEEE Transactions on Communication

On the relation between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency of multiple-antenna systems

Motivated by the increasing interest in energy-efficient communication systems, the relation between energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is investigated in this paper. To provide insights into the design of practical MIMO systems, we adopt a realistic power model and consider both independent Rayleigh fading and semicorrelated fading channels. We derived a novel and closed-form upper bound (UB) for the system EE as a function of SE. This UB exhibits great accuracy for a wide range of SE values and, thus, can be utilized for explicit assessment of the influence of SE on EE and for analytically addressing the EE optimization problems. Using this tight EE UB, our analysis unfolds two EE optimization issues: Given the number of transmit and receive antennas, an optimum value of SE is derived, such that the overall EE can be maximized, and given a specific value of SE, the optimal number of antennas is derived for maximizing the system EE

MIMO Networks: the Effects of Interference

Multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) systems promise enormous capacity increase and are being considered as one of the key technologies for future wireless networks. However, the decrease in capacity due to the presence of interferers in MIMO networks is not well understood. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to characterize the capacity of MIMO communication systems in the presence of multiple MIMO co-channel interferers and noise. We consider the situation in which transmitters have no information about the channel and all links undergo Rayleigh fading. We first generalize the known determinant representation of hypergeometric functions with matrix arguments to the case when the argument matrices have eigenvalues of arbitrary multiplicity. This enables the derivation of the distribution of the eigenvalues of Gaussian quadratic forms and Wishart matrices with arbitrary correlation, with application to both single user and multiuser MIMO systems. In particular, we derive the ergodic mutual information for MIMO systems in the presence of multiple MIMO interferers. Our analysis is valid for any number of interferers, each with arbitrary number of antennas having possibly unequal power levels. This framework, therefore, accommodates the study of distributed MIMO systems and accounts for different positions of the MIMO interferers.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Trans. on Info. Theor

Power Scaling of Uplink Massive MIMO Systems with Arbitrary-Rank Channel Means

This paper investigates the uplink achievable rates of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in Ricean fading channels, using maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and zero-forcing (ZF) receivers, assuming perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In contrast to previous relevant works, the fast fading MIMO channel matrix is assumed to have an arbitrary-rank deterministic component as well as a Rayleigh-distributed random component. We derive tractable expressions for the achievable uplink rate in the large-antenna limit, along with approximating results that hold for any finite number of antennas. Based on these analytical results, we obtain the scaling law that the users' transmit power should satisfy, while maintaining a desirable quality of service. In particular, it is found that regardless of the Ricean $K$-factor, in the case of perfect CSI, the approximations converge to the same constant value as the exact results, as the number of base station antennas, $M$, grows large, while the transmit power of each user can be scaled down proportionally to $1/M$. If CSI is estimated with uncertainty, the same result holds true but only when the Ricean $K$-factor is non-zero. Otherwise, if the channel experiences Rayleigh fading, we can only cut the transmit power of each user proportionally to $1/\sqrt M$. In addition, we show that with an increasing Ricean $K$-factor, the uplink rates will converge to fixed values for both MRC and ZF receivers

Asymptotic Analysis of Multicell Massive MIMO over Rician Fading Channels

This work considers the downlink of a multicell massive MIMO system in which $L$ base stations (BSs) of $N$ antennas each communicate with $K$ single-antenna user equipments randomly positioned in the coverage area. Within this setting, we are interested in evaluating the sum rate of the system when MRT and RZF are employed under the assumption that each intracell link forms a MIMO Rician fading channel. The analysis is conducted assuming that $N$ and $K$ grow large with a non-trivial ratio $N/K$ under the assumption that the data transmission in each cell is affected by channel estimation errors, pilot contamination, and an arbitrary large scale attenuation. Numerical results are used to validate the asymptotic analysis in the finite system regime and to evaluate the network performance under different settings. The asymptotic results are also instrumental to get insights into the interplay among system parameters.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to GLOBECOM16, Washington, DC USA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1601.0702

Free Probability based Capacity Calculation of Multiantenna Gaussian Fading Channels with Cochannel Interference

During the last decade, it has been well understood that communication over multiple antennas can increase linearly the multiplexing capacity gain and provide large spectral efficiency improvements. However, the majority of studies in this area were carried out ignoring cochannel interference. Only a small number of investigations have considered cochannel interference, but even therein simple channel models were employed, assuming identically distributed fading coefficients. In this paper, a generic model for a multi-antenna channel is presented incorporating four impairments, namely additive white Gaussian noise, flat fading, path loss and cochannel interference. Both point-to-point and multiple-access MIMO channels are considered, including the case of cooperating Base Station clusters. The asymptotic capacity limit of this channel is calculated based on an asymptotic free probability approach which exploits the additive and multiplicative free convolution in the R- and S-transform domain respectively, as well as properties of the eta and Stieltjes transform. Numerical results are utilized to verify the accuracy of the derived closed-form expressions and evaluate the effect of the cochannel interference.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl