4,963 research outputs found
Combined Nutrition and Exercise Interventions in Community Groups
Diet and physical activity are two key modifiable lifestyle factors that influence health across the lifespan (prevention and management of chronic diseases and reduction of the risk of premature death through several biological mechanisms). Community-based interventions contribute to public health, as they have the potential to reach high population-level impact, through the focus on groups that share a common culture or identity in their natural living environment. While the health benefits of a balanced diet and regular physical activity are commonly studied separately, interventions that combine these two lifestyle factors have the potential to induce greater benefits in community groups rather than strategies focusing only on one or the other. Thus, this Special Issue entitled “Combined Nutrition and Exercise Interventions in Community Groups” is comprised of manuscripts that highlight this combined approach (balanced diet and regular physical activity) in community settings. The contributors to this Special Issue are well-recognized professionals in complementary fields such as education, public health, nutrition, and exercise. This Special Issue highlights the latest research regarding combined nutrition and exercise interventions among different community groups and includes research articles developed through five continents (Africa, Asia, America, Europe and Oceania), as well as reviews and systematic reviews
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum
Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysis
In recent years, large language models (e.g., Open AI's GPT-4, Meta's LLaMa,
Google's PaLM) have become the dominant approach for building AI systems to
analyze and generate language online. However, the automated systems that
increasingly mediate our interactions online -- such as chatbots, content
moderation systems, and search engines -- are primarily designed for and work
far more effectively in English than in the world's other 7,000 languages.
Recently, researchers and technology companies have attempted to extend the
capabilities of large language models into languages other than English by
building what are called multilingual language models.
In this paper, we explain how these multilingual language models work and
explore their capabilities and limits. Part I provides a simple technical
explanation of how large language models work, why there is a gap in available
data between English and other languages, and how multilingual language models
attempt to bridge that gap. Part II accounts for the challenges of doing
content analysis with large language models in general and multilingual
language models in particular. Part III offers recommendations for companies,
researchers, and policymakers to keep in mind when considering researching,
developing and deploying large and multilingual language models.Comment: 50 pages, 4 figure
Quantum R\'enyi and -divergences from integral representations
Smooth Csisz\'ar -divergences can be expressed as integrals over so-called
hockey stick divergences. This motivates a natural quantum generalization in
terms of quantum Hockey stick divergences, which we explore here. Using this
recipe, the Kullback-Leibler divergence generalises to the Umegaki relative
entropy, in the integral form recently found by Frenkel. We find that the
R\'enyi divergences defined via our new quantum -divergences are not
additive in general, but that their regularisations surprisingly yield the Petz
R\'enyi divergence for and the sandwiched R\'enyi divergence for
, unifying these two important families of quantum R\'enyi
divergences. Moreover, we find that the contraction coefficients for the new
quantum divergences collapse for all that are operator convex,
mimicking the classical behaviour and resolving some long-standing conjectures
by Lesniewski and Ruskai. We derive various inequalities, including new reverse
Pinsker inequalites with applications in differential privacy and also explore
various other applications of the new divergences.Comment: 44 pages. v2: improved results on reverse Pinsker inequalities +
minor clarification
Linear Insertion Deletion Codes in the High-Noise and High-Rate Regimes
This work continues the study of linear error correcting codes against adversarial insertion deletion errors (insdel errors). Previously, the work of Cheng, Guruswami, Haeupler, and Li [Kuan Cheng et al., 2021] showed the existence of asymptotically good linear insdel codes that can correct arbitrarily close to 1 fraction of errors over some constant size alphabet, or achieve rate arbitrarily close to 1/2 even over the binary alphabet. As shown in [Kuan Cheng et al., 2021], these bounds are also the best possible. However, known explicit constructions in [Kuan Cheng et al., 2021], and subsequent improved constructions by Con, Shpilka, and Tamo [Con et al., 2022] all fall short of meeting these bounds. Over any constant size alphabet, they can only achieve rate < 1/8 or correct < 1/4 fraction of errors; over the binary alphabet, they can only achieve rate < 1/1216 or correct < 1/54 fraction of errors. Apparently, previous techniques face inherent barriers to achieve rate better than 1/4 or correct more than 1/2 fraction of errors.
In this work we give new constructions of such codes that meet these bounds, namely, asymptotically good linear insdel codes that can correct arbitrarily close to 1 fraction of errors over some constant size alphabet, and binary asymptotically good linear insdel codes that can achieve rate arbitrarily close to 1/2. All our constructions are efficiently encodable and decodable. Our constructions are based on a novel approach of code concatenation, which embeds the index information implicitly into codewords. This significantly differs from previous techniques and may be of independent interest. Finally, we also prove the existence of linear concatenated insdel codes with parameters that match random linear codes, and propose a conjecture about linear insdel codes
Doing Research. Wissenschaftspraktiken zwischen Positionierung und Suchanfrage
Forschung wird zunehmend aus Sicht ihrer Ergebnisse gedacht - nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Umwälzungen im System Wissensschaft. Der Band lenkt den Fokus jedoch auf diejenigen Prozesse, die Forschungsergebnisse erst ermöglichen und Wissenschaft konturieren. Dabei ist der Titel Doing Research als Verweis darauf zu verstehen, dass forschendes Handeln von spezifischen Positionierungen, partiellen Perspektiven und Suchbewegungen geformt ist. So knüpfen alle Beitragenden auf reflexive Weise an ihre jeweiligen Forschungspraktiken an. Ausgangspunkt sind Abkürzungen - die vermeintlich kleinsten Einheiten wissenschaftlicher Aushandlung und Verständigung. Der in den Erziehungs-, Sozial-, Medien- und Kunstwissenschaften verankerte Band zeichnet ein vieldimensionales Bild gegenwärtigen Forschens mit transdisziplinären Anknüpfungspunkten zwischen Digitalität und Bildung. (DIPF/Orig.
Secondary Students’ Career Development Phenomenarratives
Career education and guidance can support the development of secondary students as they aspire toward their life goals. This research explored the lived experiences of three young people through the creation of phenomenarratives. A narrative co-reflection process was developed as part of the students’ personalised career guidance planning. Findings indicated the importance of career education that supports personalised and holistic learning experiences to develop students’ self-awareness, work skills, networks and confidence in their future direction
Information Reconciliation for High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution using Nonbinary LDPC codes
Information Reconciliation is an essential part of Quantum Key distribution
protocols that closely resembles Slepian-Wolf coding. The application of
nonbinary LDPC codes in the Information Reconciliation stage of a
high-dimensional discrete-variable Quantum Key Distribution setup is proposed.
We model the quantum channel using a -ary symmetric channel over which
qudits are sent. Node degree distributions optimized via density evolution for
the Quantum Key Distribution setting are presented, and we show that codes
constructed using these distributions allow for efficient reconciliation of
large-alphabet keys.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, submitted to International Symposium on Topics in
Codin
Complex systems methods characterizing nonlinear processes in the near-Earth electromagnetic environment: recent advances and open challenges
Learning from successful applications of methods originating in statistical mechanics, complex systems science, or information theory in one scientific field (e.g., atmospheric physics or climatology) can provide important insights or conceptual ideas for other areas (e.g., space sciences) or even stimulate new research questions and approaches. For instance, quantification and attribution of dynamical complexity in output time series of nonlinear dynamical systems is a key challenge across scientific disciplines. Especially in the field of space physics, an early and accurate detection of characteristic dissimilarity between normal and abnormal states (e.g., pre-storm activity vs. magnetic storms) has the potential to vastly improve space weather diagnosis and, consequently, the mitigation of space weather hazards.
This review provides a systematic overview on existing nonlinear dynamical systems-based methodologies along with key results of their previous applications in a space physics context, which particularly illustrates how complementary modern complex systems approaches have recently shaped our understanding of nonlinear magnetospheric variability. The rising number of corresponding studies demonstrates that the multiplicity of nonlinear time series analysis methods developed during the last decades offers great potentials for uncovering relevant yet complex processes interlinking different geospace subsystems, variables and spatiotemporal scales
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