942 research outputs found
A General Framework for Transmission with Transceiver Distortion and Some Applications
A general theoretical framework is presented for analyzing information
transmission over Gaussian channels with memoryless transceiver distortion,
which encompasses various nonlinear distortion models including transmit-side
clipping, receive-side analog-to-digital conversion, and others. The framework
is based on the so-called generalized mutual information (GMI), and the
analysis in particular benefits from the setup of Gaussian codebook ensemble
and nearest-neighbor decoding, for which it is established that the GMI takes a
general form analogous to the channel capacity of undistorted Gaussian
channels, with a reduced "effective" signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that depends
on the nominal SNR and the distortion model. When applied to specific
distortion models, an array of results of engineering relevance is obtained.
For channels with transmit-side distortion only, it is shown that a
conventional approach, which treats the distorted signal as the sum of the
original signal part and a uncorrelated distortion part, achieves the GMI. For
channels with output quantization, closed-form expressions are obtained for the
effective SNR and the GMI, and related optimization problems are formulated and
solved for quantizer design. Finally, super-Nyquist sampling is analyzed within
the general framework, and it is shown that sampling beyond the Nyquist rate
increases the GMI for all SNR. For example, with a binary symmetric output
quantization, information rates exceeding one bit per channel use are
achievable by sampling the output at four times the Nyquist rate.Comment: 32 pages (including 4 figures, 5 tables, and auxiliary materials);
submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communication
Impact of Spatial Filtering on Distortion from Low-Noise Amplifiers in Massive MIMO Base Stations
In massive MIMO base stations, power consumption and cost of the low-noise
amplifiers (LNAs) can be substantial because of the many antennas. We
investigate the feasibility of inexpensive, power efficient LNAs, which
inherently are less linear. A polynomial model is used to characterize the
nonlinear LNAs and to derive the second-order statistics and spatial
correlation of the distortion. We show that, with spatial matched filtering
(maximum-ratio combining) at the receiver, some distortion terms combine
coherently, and that the SINR of the symbol estimates therefore is limited by
the linearity of the LNAs. Furthermore, it is studied how the power from a
blocker in the adjacent frequency band leaks into the main band and creates
distortion. The distortion term that scales cubically with the power received
from the blocker has a spatial correlation that can be filtered out by spatial
processing and only the coherent term that scales quadratically with the power
remains. When the blocker is in free-space line-of-sight and the LNAs are
identical, this quadratic term has the same spatial direction as the desired
signal, and hence cannot be removed by linear receiver processing
Impact of 4D channel distribution on the achievable rates in coherent optical communication experiments
We experimentally investigate mutual information and generalized mutual
information for coherent optical transmission systems. The impact of the
assumed channel distribution on the achievable rate is investigated for
distributions in up to four dimensions. Single channel and wavelength division
multiplexing (WDM) transmission over transmission links with and without inline
dispersion compensation are studied. We show that for conventional WDM systems
without inline dispersion compensation, a circularly symmetric complex Gaussian
distribution is a good approximation of the channel. For other channels, such
as with inline dispersion compensation, this is no longer true and gains in the
achievable information rate are obtained by considering more sophisticated
four-dimensional (4D) distributions. We also show that for nonlinear channels,
gains in the achievable information rate can also be achieved by estimating the
mean values of the received constellation in four dimensions. The highest gain
for such channels is seen for a 4D correlated Gaussian distribution
Demodulation and Detection Schemes for a Memoryless Optical WDM Channel
It is well known that matched filtering and sampling (MFS) demodulation
together with minimum Euclidean distance (MD) detection constitute the optimal
receiver for the additive white Gaussian noise channel. However, for a general
nonlinear transmission medium, MFS does not provide sufficient statistics, and
therefore is suboptimal. Nonetheless, this receiver is widely used in optical
systems, where the Kerr nonlinearity is the dominant impairment at high powers.
In this paper, we consider a suite of receivers for a two-user channel subject
to a type of nonlinear interference that occurs in
wavelength-division-multiplexed channels. The asymptotes of the symbol error
rate (SER) of the considered receivers at high powers are derived or bounded
analytically. Moreover, Monte-Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the
SER for all the receivers. Our results show that receivers that are based on
MFS cannot achieve arbitrary low SERs, whereas the SER goes to zero as the
power grows for the optimal receiver. Furthermore, we devise a heuristic
demodulator, which together with the MD detector yields a receiver that is
simpler than the optimal one and can achieve arbitrary low SERs. The SER
performance of the proposed receivers is also evaluated for some single-span
fiber-optical channels via split-step Fourier simulations
Constellation Shaping for WDM systems using 256QAM/1024QAM with Probabilistic Optimization
In this paper, probabilistic shaping is numerically and experimentally
investigated for increasing the transmission reach of wavelength division
multiplexed (WDM) optical communication system employing quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM). An optimized probability mass function (PMF) of the QAM
symbols is first found from a modified Blahut-Arimoto algorithm for the optical
channel. A turbo coded bit interleaved coded modulation system is then applied,
which relies on many-to-one labeling to achieve the desired PMF, thereby
achieving shaping gain. Pilot symbols at rate at most 2% are used for
synchronization and equalization, making it possible to receive input
constellations as large as 1024QAM. The system is evaluated experimentally on a
10 GBaud, 5 channels WDM setup. The maximum system reach is increased w.r.t.
standard 1024QAM by 20% at input data rate of 4.65 bits/symbol and up to 75% at
5.46 bits/symbol. It is shown that rate adaptation does not require changing of
the modulation format. The performance of the proposed 1024QAM shaped system is
validated on all 5 channels of the WDM signal for selected distances and rates.
Finally, it was shown via EXIT charts and BER analysis that iterative
demapping, while generally beneficial to the system, is not a requirement for
achieving the shaping gain.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 201
Information Transmission using the Nonlinear Fourier Transform, Part III: Spectrum Modulation
Motivated by the looming "capacity crunch" in fiber-optic networks,
information transmission over such systems is revisited. Among numerous
distortions, inter-channel interference in multiuser wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) is identified as the seemingly intractable factor limiting
the achievable rate at high launch power. However, this distortion and similar
ones arising from nonlinearity are primarily due to the use of methods suited
for linear systems, namely WDM and linear pulse-train transmission, for the
nonlinear optical channel. Exploiting the integrability of the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation, a nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing
(NFDM) scheme is presented, which directly modulates non-interacting signal
degrees-of-freedom under NLS propagation. The main distinction between this and
previous methods is that NFDM is able to cope with the nonlinearity, and thus,
as the the signal power or transmission distance is increased, the new method
does not suffer from the deterministic cross-talk between signal components
which has degraded the performance of previous approaches. In this paper,
emphasis is placed on modulation of the discrete component of the nonlinear
Fourier transform of the signal and some simple examples of achievable spectral
efficiencies are provided.Comment: Updated version of IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 60,
no. 7, pp. 4346--4369, July, 201
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