Institutionalization and Use of Evaluations in the Public Sector in Nepal

This paper reviews the institutionalization process and use of evaluation evidences in the planning processes in Nepal. It reviews evaluation reports of 29 projects or programmes of various sectors conducted engaging independent evaluators during 1995-2012. It concludes that reform to effectively institutionalize and promote use of evaluations need to be implemented as a part of overall performance management and accountability reform and  the uses of evaluations increase if the evaluation system is designed as a consistent and integrated feature of the development planning process aiming to correct the entire planning cycle. Promotion of evaluation culture at various levels, securing a higher level policy commitment and addressing capacity gaps in managing evaluations are key attributes to promote utilization of evaluations. Key words: evaluation, use, performance management, Nepa

Kerjasama Pemerintah Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Nad) dengan Bank Dunia dalam Program Consolidating Peaceful Development In Aceh 2009-2013

This study will analyze about the Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam government cooperation with the World Bank in the program Consolidating Peaceful Development in Aceh 2009-2013. Assistance from the World Bank in the pack in CPDA program to the Government of NAD is an expression of solidarity and sympathy to the tsunami and the conflict that hit Aceh GAM ago.The process of cooperation between the Government of NAD with the World Bank in the program Consolidating Peaceful Development in Aceh realization is realized with improved aid development planning and management of public funds by the principle that break the cycle of violence in conflict areas in need of development and has a strong institutional legitimacy.PECAPP (Public Expenditure Analysis and Capacity Strengthening Program) is a program that works in the Public Finance sector and initiated by the World Bank with financial support from AusAID through the CPDA - World Bank.Keywords: CPDA,World Bank, Consolidating, PECAP

From Farmers and Shepherds to Shopkeepers and Hoteliers: Constituency-Differentiated Experiences of Endogenous Tourism in the Greek Isle of Zakynthos

The effects exerted by endogenous tourism investment on the developing Greek island of Zakynthos are examined, focusing in particular on whether the experiences among residents, tourist enterprises and local government are homogeneous, or whether they reflect varied attitudes related to sociodemographic, destination, development-process and tourist characteristics. Multivariate analysis shows that the main factors contributing to the variance in locals' experiences of and reactions to tourism development are the endogenous nature associated with the early 'development' phase of the evolution cycle, inhabitant constituency, carrying capacity and tourist nationality. In addition, the protection and conservation of natural and sociocultural resources are revealed as serious concerns of the island's local government. Management strategies for visitor-impact alleviation should focus on community-based planning where the hosts' collective wisdom is incorporated into the overall development process and tourism policies are compatible with the physical and human components of the local society

Planning and urban growth. What to do with urbanized vacant areas in the land of Valencia?

[EN] In 1996, an expanding real estate property cycle of unusual magnitudes began in the Kingdom of Spain, to abruptly cease in 2007. Its economic, social and political logic has been to this day widely studied, but instead the contribution of urban planning as a driver and impeller of proposals of unviable urban overgrowth has received scant attention. In this paper, we shall consider the role played by urban planning with disparate proposals in the so-called construction bubble. By studying relevant case studies, we will evidence the impact that of over planning has had on the environment and natural resources. In 1994, it was approved for the Community of Valencia, a ground-breaking law, that allowed real estate agents to develop areas in which they had not any property even against the opinion and the will of the landowners. The facilities given to developers, in a context of abuse and corruption, have taken their toll after the bursting of the housing bubble. Our goal is to analyse the effects and consequences of these actions: the destruction of the landscape, the consumption of natural resources beyond their capacity for regeneration, the development of areas that today remain vacant, with special emphasis on the latterGaja Díaz, F. (2016). Planning and urban growth. What to do with urbanized vacant areas in the land of Valencia?. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 11(6):930-938. doi:10.2495/SDP-V11-N6-930-938S93093811

Pathophysiology, histopathology and therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2

The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the world has induced the scientist to understand the histopathology of the virus and then to find an effective drug. However, many of the point associated with the virus pathogenicity still unknown and need more studies. In this chapter the pathophysiology, histopathology and therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 has been reviewed. It was appeared that pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 is belonging to the viral with genome structure which acting by blocking the host innate immune response. Both chloroquine and hydroxyl-chloroquine have similar structure and mechanism action and they are among the most effective antiviral for treating the patents with the SARS-CoV-2. Chloroquine works by inhibition the intracellular organism by increasing the pH

Adaptation of WASH Services Delivery to Climate Change and Other Sources of Risk and Uncertainty

This report urges WASH sector practitioners to take more seriously the threat of climate change and the consequences it could have on their work. By considering climate change within a risk and uncertainty framework, the field can use the multitude of approaches laid out here to adequately protect itself against a range of direct and indirect impacts. Eleven methods and tools for this specific type of risk management are described, including practical advice on how to implement them successfully

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PLANNING AND CONTROL OF PLASTIC MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

A case study of the plastic manufacturing industry was conducted to determine the main factors affecting its production capacity. A major factor affecting production capacity in this industry was realized to be machine downtime, by the process of reducing machine downtime an optimum usage of the machine was discovered. It was found that this factor has a significant effect on improving the production capacity to optimum in this firm, a comprehensive flow chart for process planning and control was designed, via the development of a decision support system (DSS) for process planning and control of the plastic manufacturing industry located in the western part of Nigeria. The DSS developed was validated using cycle time, the weight of raw material, automatically operated the machine from the company. The weight of a unit plastic product of various sample types in the factory was determined, manually produced products in the factory were measured and recorded this same data was inputted into the decision support system developed. Results from company and DSS developed were compared using paired t-test comparison, the result showed the 2- tailed significance of 0.045; which shows that there is no major difference between the weight of each plastic product produced by the company machine and the result generated by the DSS developed this confirm the software is reliable according to weight formation of plastic product. The cost estimation t-test result shows the 2-tailed significance of 0.035, which showed that there is no much difference between the manual cost estimation result by the company and the result displayed by DSS

Survey instrument for measuring level of preparedness amongst healthcare personnel in radiation emergency

Drills and exercises are globally practiced to investigate the level of preparedness towards disaster events. However, these activities are rarely conducted because they require substantial investment, specifically to budget and time. A self-reported survey may serve as an alternative approach, although it may not be as effective as drills and exercises. As part of the survey development process, this article discusses preliminary validation of a survey instrument to measure the level of preparedness towards radiation emergency amongst healthcare personnel. Prior to this validation process, extensive literature reviews pointed out that the instrument consists of three constructs of preparedness, namely readiness, willingness, and ability. A total of seven subject matter experts were invited to judge the contents for verification purposes. Randolph Kappa analysis was then conducted to analyse their judgment to allow irrelevant items to be filtered from the rest prior to any improvements. Initially, the survey instrument consisted of 69 items; however, the analysis omitted 16 of them. The following values for each preparedness construct were: Readiness (0.77), Willingness (0.70), and Ability (0.73). These findings indicate that contents of the instrument are valid. Further analysis should be fulfilled to complete validation process to ensure its practicality prior to using it as an evaluation tool