Geographical Classification of Java Tea (Orthosiphon Stamineus) From Java Island by FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Canonical Variate Analysis

FTIR spectroscopy combined with canonical variate analysis was used for differentiation of java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) according to their geographical origin. FTIR spectra of all java tea samples were acquired in the mid infrared region (wavenumber range 4000-400 cm-1). Preprocessing signal of FTIR spectra has been carried out prior to canonical variate analysis by standard normal variate. Combination of FTIR spectra in the region 1800-900 cm-1with canonical variate analysis has the power to differentiate java tea samples in terms of geographical origin. The developed method could be used for identification of geographical origin of java tea based on the samples used in this study

Statistical Analysis of Aerosol Species, Trace Gases, and Meteorology in Chicago

Both canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to atmospheric aerosol & trace gas concentrations and meteorological data collected in Chicago during the summer months of 2002, 2003, and 2004. Concentrations of ammonium, calcium, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate particulate matter, as well as, meteorological parameters temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity were subjected to CCA & PCA. Ozone and nitrogen oxide mixing ratios were also included in the data set. The purpose of statistical analysis was to determine the extent of existing linear relationship(s), or lack thereof, between meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations in addition to reducing dimensionality of the original data to determine sources of pollutants. In CCA, the first three canonical variate pairs derived were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Canonical correlation between the first canonical variate pair was 0.821, while correlations of the second and third canonical variate pairs were 0.562 and 0.461, respectively. The first canonical variate pair indicated that increasing temperatures resulted in high ozone mixing ratios, while the second canonical variate pair showed wind speed and humidity’s influence on local ammonium concentrations. No new information was uncovered in the third variate pair. Canonical loadings were also interpreted for information regarding relationships between data sets. Four principal components (PCs), expressing 77.0% of original data variance, were derived in PCA. Interpretation of PCs suggested significant production and/or transport of secondary aerosols in the region (PC1). Furthermore, photochemical production of ozone & wind speed’s influence on pollutants were expressed (PC2) along with overall measure of local meteorology (PC3). In summary, CCA and PCA results combined were successful in uncovering linear relationships between meteorology and air pollutants in Chicago and aided in determining possible pollutant sources

Sparse multinomial kernel discriminant analysis (sMKDA)

Dimensionality reduction via canonical variate analysis (CVA) is important for pattern recognition and has been extended variously to permit more flexibility, e.g. by "kernelizing" the formulation. This can lead to over-fitting, usually ameliorated by regularization. Here, a method for sparse, multinomial kernel discriminant analysis (sMKDA) is proposed, using a sparse basis to control complexity. It is based on the connection between CVA and least-squares, and uses forward selection via orthogonal least-squares to approximate a basis, generalizing a similar approach for binomial problems. Classification can be performed directly via minimum Mahalanobis distance in the canonical variates. sMKDA achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and sparseness on 11 benchmark datasets

Non-Linear Markov Modelling Using Canonical Variate Analysis: Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility

We report on a novel forecasting method based on nonlinear Markov modelling and canonical variate analysis, and investigate the use of a prediction algorithm to forecast conditional volatility. In particular, we assess the dynamic behaviour of the model by forecasting exchange rate volatility. It is found that the nonlinear Markov model can forecast exchange rate volatility significantly better than the GARCH(1,1) model due to its flexibility in accommodating nonlinear dynamic patterns in volatility, which are not captured by the linear GARCH(1,1) model.

Canonical variate analysis for performance degradation under faulty conditions

Condition monitoring of industrial processes can minimize maintenance and operating costs while increasing the process safety and enhancing the quality of the product. In order to achieve these goals it is necessary not only to detect and diagnose process faults, but also to react to them by scheduling the maintenance and production according to the condition of the process. The objective of this investigation is to test the capabilities of canonical variate analysis (CVA) to estimate performance degradation and predict the behavior of a system affected by faults. Process data was acquired from a large-scale experimental multiphase flow facility operated under changing operational conditions where process faults were seeded. The results suggest that CVA can be used effectively to evaluate how faults affect the process variables in comparison to normal operation. The method also predicted future process behavior after the appearance of faults, modeling the system using data collected during the early stages of degradation

Canonical variate dissimilarity analysis for process incipient fault detection

Early detection of incipient faults in industrial processes is increasingly becoming important, as these faults can slowly develop into serious abnormal events, an emergency situation, or even failure of critical equipment. Multivariate statistical process monitoring methods are currently established for abrupt fault detection. Among these, canonical variate analysis (CVA) was proven to be effective for dynamic process monitoring. However, the traditional CVA indices may not be sensitive enough for incipient faults. In this work, an extension of CVA, called the canonical variate dissimilarity analysis (CVDA), is proposed for process incipient fault detection in nonlinear dynamic processes under varying operating conditions. To handle non-Gaussian distributed data, kernel density estimation was used for computing detection limits. A CVA dissimilarity-based index has been demonstrated to outperform traditional CVA indices and other dissimilarity-based indices, namely DISSIM, RDTCSA, and GCCA, in terms of sensitivity when tested on slowly developing multiplicative and additive faults in a CSTR under closed-loop control and varying operating conditions

PENENTUAN KOEFISIEN KORELASI KANONIK DAN INTERPRETASI FUNGSI KANONIK MULTIVARIAT

Canonical correlation analysis is a useful technique to identify and quantify the linier relationships, involving multiple independent and multiple dependent variable. It focuses on the correlation between a linier combination of the variables in one set independent and a linier combination of the variables in another set dependent. The pairs of linier combinations are called canonical function, and their correlation are called canonical correlation coefficient. The statistical assumptions should be fulfilled are: linearity, multivariate normality, homoscedasticity, and nonmulticollinearity. The use of variable consists of three dependent variable y1 = Maximum daily relative humidity, y2 = Minimum daily relative humidity, and y3 = Integrated area under daily humidity curve and three independent variable x1 = Maximum daily air temperature, x2 = Minimum daily air temperature, and x3 = Integrated area under daily air temperature curve. For The result of canonical correlation analysis indicate that there are two significant canonical correlation between the daily air temperature level with the daily humidity level. The reduncancy index showed that the daily humidity level can explained a total of 69 % of the variance in the daily air temperature level, otherwise the daily air temperature level can explained a total 60 % of the variance in the daily humidity level. Interpretations involves examining the canonical function to determine the relative contibution of each of the original variables in the canonical relationships: canonical weights, canonical loadings, and canonical cross loadings showed that the sequence variables which contribute on the independent variate are x1, x3, and x2 .Then, the sequence variables which contribute on the dependent variate are y1, y2, and y3. Keywords: Canonical Correlation Coefficient, Canonical Function, Redundancy Index, Canonical weights, Canonical Loadings, and Canonical Cross Loadings

Penentuan Koefisien Korelasi Kanonik Dan Interpretasi Fungsi Kanonik Multivariat

Canonical correlation analysis is a useful technique to identify and quantify the linier relationships, involving multiple independent and multiple dependent variable. It focuses on the correlation between a linier combination of the variables in one set independent and a linier combination of the variables in another set dependent. The pairs of linier combinations are called canonical function, and their correlation are called canonical correlation coefficient. The statistical assumptions should be fulfilled are: linearity, multivariate normality, homoscedasticity, and nonmulticollinearity. The use of variable consists of three dependent variable: y1 =Maximum daily relative humidity, y2 = Minimum daily relative humidity, and y3 = Integrated area under daily humidity curve and three independent variable: x1 = Maximum daily air temperature, x2 = Minimum daily air temperature, and x3 = Integrated area under daily air temperature curve. For The result of canonical correlation analysis indicate that there are two significant canonical correlation between the daily air temperature level with the daily humidity level. The reduncancy index showed that the daily humidity level can explained a total of 69 % of the variance in the daily air temperature level, otherwise the daily air temperature level can explained a total 60 % of the variance in the daily humidity level. Interpretations involves examining the canonical function to determine the relative contibution of each of the original variables in the canonical relationships: canonical weights, canonical loadings, and canonical cross loadings showed that the sequence variables which contribute on the independent variate are x1,x3, and x2. Then, the sequence variables which contribute on the dependent variate are y1, y2, and y3

Canonical Variate Residuals-Based Fault Diagnosis for Slowly Evolving Faults

open access articleThis study puts forward a novel diagnostic approach based on canonical variate residuals (CVR) to implement incipient fault diagnosis for dynamic process monitoring. The conventional canonical variate analysis (CVA) fault detection approach is extended to form a new monitoring index based on Hotelling’s T2, Q and a CVR-based monitoring index, Td. A CVR-based contribution plot approach is also proposed based on Q and Td statistics. Two performance metrics: (1) false alarm rate and (2) missed detection rate are used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The CVR diagnostic approach was validated on incipient faults in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system and an operational centrifugal compressor