On the Blank

My visual practice is concerned with an articulation of the 'left-out-thing', remnant or blank, produced by and embedded within technologies of representation, which themselves echo the mechanisms through which an identity is formed. As automatic, 'empty apparatus', technological devices threaten as well as construct this self image. This thesis proposes a new theoretical interpretation for art practices that engage with this empty space, or 'shifter'; understood as a form of punctuation around which meaning revolves. Indexing an object both absent and 'has been', the kind of mark making that falls into this category can be identified - like an hysterical symptom - as the reproduction of an unrepresentable sign. It is through my practical work, which explores the link between the photograph, the body, and the written sentence, that my contribution to the field of fine art practice is primarily offered. The way in which an image is put together or a sentence is organised can be considered as an exemplary definition of subjectivity in operation. Yet, as Ann Banfield (1987) has argued, after the invention of the lens, novelistic writing began to index a 'world without a self'. My visual work, which frequently looks like writing, attempts to construct a similar 'grammatical' form: one in which the 'I' is absent. The aim of my work is to stage or record this empty place, understood as a disturbance, impediment or failure within speech; as the text's undertow; and equated with a photographic - or optical -'unconscious'. This failure, this fault in language, detected in the lapses, gaps and silences within a body of writing or in an image - a gap upon which such language systems are nevertheless hinged - is, I suggest, both the place where technology and the non-self are linked and, paradoxically, the site where the I is constituted

Occurrence and Ecosystem Effects of Hiking Off-Trail in Michaux State Forest

American public lands provide significant outdoor recreational opportunities that enhance an individual\u27s physical and mental well-being. Hiking is an example of a highly accessible and affordable recreational activity that is popular and easy for people to engage in no matter how experienced they are. While hiking has improved the well-being of many individuals, its impacts on local ecosystems are often disregarded. For our research, we focused on the impacts that hikers deviating off-trail may have on a local ecosystem in Michaux State Forest in Southern Pennsylvania. Through partnering with the foresters at Michaux State Forest and using AllTrails data, we identified heavily trafficked, unmaintained trail areas and conducted numerous field visits to observe the ecological impacts of this continued off-trail use. At each of the sites, we set up trail cameras in order to measure trail traffic, measured trail dimensions at numerous locations, and used quadrats to examine noticeable impacts on ground cover and plant ecology. We found substantial off-trail use at Michaux State Forest, from legal trail “shortcuts” to fully illegal trails. Surprisingly, we found no evidence that off-trail use impacted overall vegetative cover. In all of the study sites, the official trail was wider than the beginning of the illegal trail area and the beginning of the illegal trail was wider than the trail at the placement of the trail camera. For future analysis, we recommend that soil analyses and longer data collection periods potentially through different seasons should be conducted, as our quadrat photos and physical observations were limited due to the leafy ground cover. Our recommendations for future management include increased signage intended to prevent off-trail travel as well as improved hiker education on the principles of Leave No Trace

Freeform User Interfaces for Graphical Computing

報告番号: 甲15222 ; 学位授与年月日: 2000-03-29 ; 学位の種別: 課程博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(工学) ; 学位記番号: 博工第4717号 ; 研究科・専攻: 工学系研究科情報工学専

The extensive age gradient of the Carina dwarf galaxy

The evolution of small systems such as dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) is likely to have been a balance between external environmental effects and internal processes within their own relatively shallow potential wells. Assessing how strong such environmental interactions may have been is therefore an important element in understanding the baryonic evolution of dSphs and their derived dark matter distribution. Here we present results from a wide-area CTIO/MOSAIC II photometric survey of the Carina dSph, reaching down to about two magnitudes below the oldest main sequence turn-off (MSTO). This data-set enables us to trace the structure of Carina in detail out to very large distances from its center, and as a function of stellar age. We observe the presence of an extended structure made up primarily of ancient MSTO stars, at distances between 25arcmin-60arcmin from Carina's center, confirming results in the literature that Carina extends well beyond its nominal tidal radius. The large number statistics of our survey reveals features such as isophote twists and tails that had gone undetected in other previous shallower surveys. This is the first time that such unambiguous signs of tidal disruption have been found in a Milky Way "classical" dwarf other than Sagittarius. We also demonstrate the presence of a negative age gradient in Carina directly from its MSTOs, and trace it out to very large distances from the galaxy center. The signs of interaction with the Milky Way make it unclear whether the age gradient was already in place before Carina underwent tidal disruption.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Understanding Deleted File Decay on Removable Media using Differential Analysis

Digital content created by picture recording devices is often stored internally on the source device, on either embedded or removable media. Such storage media is typically limited in capacity and meant primarily for interim storage of the most recent image files, and these devices are frequently configured to delete older files as necessary to make room for new files. When investigations involve such devices and media, it is sometimes these older deleted files that would be of interest. It is an established fact that deleted file content may persist in part or in its entirety after deletion, and identifying the nature of file fragments on digital media has been an active research area for years. However, very little research has been conducted to understand how and why deleted file content persists (or decays) on different media and under different circumstances. The research reported here builds upon prior work establishing a methodology for the study of deleted file decay generally, and the application of that methodology to the decay of deleted files on traditional computing systems with spinning magnetic disks. In this current work, we study the decay of deleted image files on a digital camera with removable SD card storage, and we conduct preliminary experiments for direct SD card and USB storage. Our results indicate that deleted file decay is affected by the size of both the deleted and overwriting files, overwrite frequency, sector size, and cluster size. These results have implications for digital forensic investigators seeking to recover and interpret file fragments