Security and Privacy for Green IoT-based Agriculture: Review, Blockchain solutions, and Challenges

open access articleThis paper presents research challenges on security and privacy issues in the field of green IoT-based agriculture. We start by describing a four-tier green IoT-based agriculture architecture and summarizing the existing surveys that deal with smart agriculture. Then, we provide a classification of threat models against green IoT-based agriculture into five categories, including, attacks against privacy, authentication, confidentiality, availability, and integrity properties. Moreover, we provide a taxonomy and a side-by-side comparison of the state-of-the-art methods toward secure and privacy-preserving technologies for IoT applications and how they will be adapted for green IoT-based agriculture. In addition, we analyze the privacy-oriented blockchain-based solutions as well as consensus algorithms for IoT applications and how they will be adapted for green IoT-based agriculture. Based on the current survey, we highlight open research challenges and discuss possible future research directions in the security and privacy of green IoT-based agriculture

RESTful PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE DEVICES

The growing popularity of mobile platforms is changing the Internet user’s computing experience. Current studies suggest that the traditional ubiquitous computing landscape is shifting towards more enhanced and broader mobile computing platform consists of large number of heterogeneous devices. Smartphones and tablets begin to replace the desktop as the primary means of interacting with IT resources. While mobile devices facilitate in consuming web resources in the form of web services, the growing demand for consuming services on mobile device is introducing a complex ecosystem in the mobile environment. This research addresses the communication challenges involved in mobile distributed networks and proposes an event-driven communication approach for information dissemination. This research investigates different communication techniques such as synchronous and asynchronous polling and long-polling, server-side push as mechanisms between client-server interactions and the latest web technologies namely HTML5 standard WebSocket as communication protocol within a publish/subscribe paradigm. Finally, this research introduces and evaluates a framework that is hybrid of REST and event-based publish/subscribe for operating in the mobile environment

How to see through the Fog? Using Peer to Peer (P2P) for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) faces the challenge of scaling to handle tens of billions of connected devices. This challenge is made more difficult by the range of constituent IoT parts from Cloud-based applications to constrained nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Achieving the desired scale and interoperability requires an architecture for IoT that is scalable and allows seamless operation across networks and devices. This paper considers the requirements for IoT and considers a number of existing architectural approaches and the emergence of Fog computing. It proposes that Fog computing architectures must cater for the flow of data from constrained sensor nodes to powerful applications. It considers the suitability of a Peer to Peer (P2P) approach for Fog computing. Using a prototype implementation, it demonstrates how a Holistic Peer to Peer (HPP) architecture and application layer protocol meet the requirements set for IoT

Decentralized Control and Adaptation in Distributed Applications via Web and Semantic Web Technologies

The presented work provides an approach and an implementation for enabling decentralized control in distributed applications composed of heterogeneous components by benefiting from the interoperability provided by the Web stack and relying on semantic technologies for enabling data integration. In particular, the concept of Smart Components enables adaptability at runtime through an adaptation layer and is complemented by a reference architecture as well as a prototypical implementation

A Holistic Approach to Lowering Latency in Geo-distributed Web Applications

User perceived end-to-end latency of web applications have a huge impact on the revenue for many businesses. The end-to-end latency of web applications is impacted by: (i) User to Application server (front-end) latency which includes downloading and parsing web pages, retrieving further objects requested by javascript executions; and (ii) Application and storage server(back-end) latency which includes retrieving meta-data required for an initial rendering, and subsequent content based on user actions. Improving the user-perceived performance of web applications is challenging, given their complex operating environments involving user-facing web servers, content distribution network (CDN) servers, multi-tiered application servers, and storage servers. Further, the application and storage servers are often deployed on multi-tenant cloud platforms that show high performance variability. While many novel approaches like SPDY and geo-replicated datastores have been developed to improve their performance, many of these solutions are specific to certain layers, and may have different impact on user-perceived performance. The primary goal of this thesis is to address the above challenges in a holistic manner, focusing specifically on improving the end-to-end latency of geo-distributed multi-tiered web applications. This thesis makes the following contributions: (i) First, it reduces user-facing latency by helping CDNs identify and map objects that are more critical for page-load latency to the faster CDN cache layers. Through controlled experiments on real-world web pages, we show the potential of our approach to reduce hundreds of milliseconds in latency without affecting overall CDN miss rates. (ii) Next, it reduces back-end latency by optimally adapting the datastore replication policies (including number and location of replicas) to the heterogeneity in workloads. We show the benefits of our replication models using real-world traces of Twitter, Wikipedia and Gowalla on a 8 datacenter Cassandra cluster deployed on EC2. (iii) Finally, it makes multi-tier applications resilient to the inherent performance variability in the cloud through fine-grained request redirection. We highlight the benefits of our approach by deploying three real-world applications on commercial cloud platforms

Flexible multi-layer virtual machine design for virtual laboratory in distributed systems and grids.

We propose a flexible Multi-layer Virtual Machine (MVM) design intended to improve efficiencies in distributed and grid computing and to overcome the known current problems that exist within traditional virtual machine architectures and those used in distributed and grid systems. This thesis presents a novel approach to building a virtual laboratory to support e-science by adapting MVMs within the distributed systems and grids, thereby providing enhanced flexibility and reconfigurability by raising the level of abstraction. The MVM consists of three layers. They are OS-level VM, queue VMs, and components VMs. The group of MVMs provides the virtualized resources, virtualized networks, and reconfigurable components layer for virtual laboratories. We demonstrate how our reconfigurable virtual machine can allow software designers and developers to reuse parallel communication patterns. In our framework, the virtual machines can be created on-demand and their applications can be distributed at the source-code level, compiled and instantiated in runtime. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .K56. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1405. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Principles of Security and Trust: 7th International Conference, POST 2018, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 14-20, 2018, Proceedings

authentication; computer science; computer software selection and evaluation; cryptography; data privacy; formal logic; formal methods; formal specification; internet; privacy; program compilers; programming languages; security analysis; security systems; semantics; separation logic; software engineering; specifications; verification; world wide we

A framework for the dynamic management of Peer-to-Peer overlays

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications have been associated with inefficient operation, interference with other network services and large operational costs for network providers. This thesis presents a framework which can help ISPs address these issues by means of intelligent management of peer behaviour. The proposed approach involves limited control of P2P overlays without interfering with the fundamental characteristics of peer autonomy and decentralised operation. At the core of the management framework lays the Active Virtual Peer (AVP). Essentially intelligent peers operated by the network providers, the AVPs interact with the overlay from within, minimising redundant or inefficient traffic, enhancing overlay stability and facilitating the efficient and balanced use of available peer and network resources. They offer an “insider‟s” view of the overlay and permit the management of P2P functions in a compatible and non-intrusive manner. AVPs can support multiple P2P protocols and coordinate to perform functions collectively. To account for the multi-faceted nature of P2P applications and allow the incorporation of modern techniques and protocols as they appear, the framework is based on a modular architecture. Core modules for overlay control and transit traffic minimisation are presented. Towards the latter, a number of suitable P2P content caching strategies are proposed. Using a purpose-built P2P network simulator and small-scale experiments, it is demonstrated that the introduction of AVPs inside the network can significantly reduce inter-AS traffic, minimise costly multi-hop flows, increase overlay stability and load-balancing and offer improved peer transfer performance