COPRA - A communication processing architecture for wireless sensor networks

Abstract. Typical sensor nodes are composed of cheap hardware because they have to be affordable in great numbers. This means that memory and communication bandwidth are small, CPUs are slow and energy is limited. It also means that all unnecessary software components must be omitted. Thus it is necessary to use application specific communication protocols. As it is cumbersome to write these from scratch every time a configurable framework is needed. Copra provides such an architectural framework that allows the construction of application specific communication protocol stacks from prefabricated components

Greenhouse Monitoring and Automation Using Arduino: a Review on Precision Farming and Internet of Things (IoT)

The 21st century became the beginning of the development of information technology, where one of the revolutions was the presence of the Internet of Things. Internet of Things or abbreviated as IoT is a technology that combines electronic devices, sensors, and the internet to manage data and applications. The Internet of Things can be adopted in agriculture for crop management as a media for monitoring and controlling, especially in greenhouses and is called Precision Farming. The application of precision farming will be more effective in a greenhouse because it is easier to engineer similar environmental conditions. IoT development in greenhouses is using Arduino Microcontroller or Raspberry Pi Microcomputer. These devices are used because the price is low and easy to get on the market and can be designed so that technicians who have limited information technology knowledge can run it. To be able to manage greenhouses with IoT requires sensors as five senses that can detect changes that occur in the greenhouse. By using sensors, the hardware can detect what is happening in the greenhouse and make decisions based on the data acquired. Some sensors that are often used in Precision Farming are temperature and humidity sensors, soil moisture sensors, and light sensors. In the Internet of Things, the data that has been acquired by the hardware will then be transmitted wirelessly. The wireless connections used are Bluetooth, ZigBee Protocol, and Wi-Fi, where Bluetooth and Zigbee connections have a short distance between 10 - 100 meters, while Wi-Fi has a longer distance especially when connected to the Internet. The purpose of this paper is to understand the advantages and challenges of adopting IoT-based Precision Farming for monitoring and automation

Design of a control system for an indirect solar dryer

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Université Libre de TunisThis dissertation focus on the control system design of a for indirect solar dryer without any difficulty of utilization with low cost and autonomous. The intended interest group of this model is small farmers who don't have the cash-flow to put resources into new drying innovations however need basic and modest machines to contend in the current market for nuts. In the present work, a multivariable control system using DHT22, BMP280 sensors to measure the drying process parameters of the fig. The Bernoulli equation was established in the Arduino program to calculate the air velocity. The valves designed based on servo motor DS3225. Then, the control of the position of the valve based on the measured sensor parameters and the conditions of the drying process. And for sending the data in real-time to the farmers, the IoT technology was used by the combination of the GSM/GRPS module with the Arduino UNO board. Then, the Blynk application was used to visualize the data, and the ThingSpeak IoT platform for saving the data and analyses the quality of the drying prosses. More than visualization the data in the Blynk application, a notification was added for the farmers in the case of start drying process and overheating condition. According to the outcomes of the Proteus simulation which have been shown by the Blynk application and the ThingSpeak IoT platform, it can conclude that the design of the control system is successfully done.Cette thèse porte sur la conception d'un système de contrôle pour séchoir solaire indirect sans aucune difficulté d'utilisation à faible coût et autonome. Le groupe d'intérêt visé par ce modèle est constitué de petits agriculteurs qui n'ont pas les liquidités nécessaires pour investir des ressources dans de nouvelles innovations de séchage, mais qui ont besoin de machines basiques et modestes pour lutter sur le marché actuel des noix. Dans le présent travail, un système de contrôle à plusieurs variables utilisant des capteurs DHT22, BMP280 pour mesurer les paramètres du processus de séchage de la fig. L'équation de Bernoulli a été établie dans le programme Arduino pour calculer la vitesse de l'air. Les vannes conçues sur la base d'un servomoteur DS3225. Ensuite, le contrôle de la position de la vanne en fonction des paramètres mesurés du capteur et des conditions du processus de séchage. Et pour envoyer les données en temps réel aux agriculteurs, la technologie IoT a été utilisée par la combinaison du module GSM / GRPS avec la carte Arduino UNO. Ensuite, l'application Blynk a été utilisée pour visualiser les données, et la plate-forme ThingSpeak IoT pour enregistrer les données et analyser la qualité du processus de séchage. Plus que la visualisation des données dans l'application Blynk, une notification a été ajoutée pour les agriculteurs en cas de démarrage du processus de séchage et de surchauffe. Selon les résultats de la simulation Proteus qui ont été montrés par l'application Blynk et la plate-forme ThingSpeak IoT, il peut conclure que la conception du système de contrôle est réussie

Performance analysis of diversity techniques in wireless communication systems: Cooperative systems with CCI and MIMO-OFDM systems

This Dissertation analyzes the performance of ecient digital commu- nication systems, the performance analysis includes the bit error rate (BER) of dier- ent binary and M-ary modulation schemes, and the average channel capacity (ACC) under dierent adaptive transmission protocols, namely, the simultaneous power and rate adaptation protocol (OPRA), the optimal rate with xed power protocol (ORA), the channel inversion with xed rate protocol (CIFR), and the truncated channel in- version with xed transmit power protocol (CTIFR). In this dissertation, BER and ACC performance of interference-limited dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relay- ing cooperative systems with co-channel interference (CCI) at both the relay and destination nodes is analyzed in small-scale multipath Nakagami-m fading channels with arbitrary (integer as well as non-integer) values of m. This channel condition is assumed for both the desired signal as well as co-channel interfering signals. In addition, the practical case of unequal average fading powers between the two hops is assumed in the analysis. The analysis assumes an arbitrary number of indepen- dent and non-identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) interfering signals at both relay (R) and destination (D) nodes. Also, the work extended to the case when the receiver employs the maximum ratio combining (MRC) and the equal gain combining (EGC) schemes to exploit the diversity gain

Basissoftware für drahtlose Ad-hoc- und Sensornetze

Mit dem Titel "Basissoftware für selbstorganisierende Infrastrukturen für vernetzte mobile Systeme" vereint das Schwerpunktprogramm 1140 der DFG Forschungsvorhaben zum Thema drahtloser Ad-hoc- und Sensornetze. Durch die Konzeption höherwertiger Dienste für diese aufstrebenden Netztypen leistet das Schwerpunktprogramm einen essentiellen Beitrag zur aktuellen Forschung und erschafft gleichzeitig ein solides Fundament zur Entwicklung zahlreicher Anwendungen

MIMO techniques for higher data rate wireless communications

The demand for higher data rate, higher spectral efficiency and better quality of service in wireless communications is growing fast in the past few years. However, obtaining these requirements become challenging for wireless communication systems due to the problems of channel multi-path fading, higher power loss and power bandwidth limitations. A lot of research interest has been directed towards implementing new techniques in wireless communication systems, such as MIMO an OFDM, to overcome the above mentioned problems. Methods of achieving higher data rate and better spectral efficiency have been dealt with in the thesis. The work comprised three parts; the first part focuses on channel modelling, the second looks at fading mitigation techniques, and the third part deals with adaptive transmission schemes for different diversity techniques. In the first part, we present multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space-time geometrical channel model with hyperbolically distributed scatterers (GBHDS) for a macro-cell mobile environment. The model is based on one-ring scattering assumption. This MIMO model provides statistics of the time of arrival (TOA) and direction of arrival (DOA). Our analytical results are validated with measurement data and compared to different geometrical based signal bounce macro-cell (GBSSBM) channel models including Gaussian scatterer density (GSD) channel model, the geometrical based exponential (GBE) channel model. On the other hand, for the same channel model we investigate the analytical methods which capture physical wave and antenna configuration at both ends representing in a matrix form. In the second part, we investigate the proposed channel model using joint frequency and spatial diversity system. . We combine STBC with OFDM to improve the error performance in the fading channels. We consider two different fading scenarios namely frequency selective and time selective fading channels. For the first scenario we propose a new technique to suppress the frequency error offset caused by the motion of mobile (Doppler shift). On the other hand, we examine the performance of STBC-OFDM in time selective macro-cell channel environment. In the last part, we evaluate the spectral efficiency for different receiver diversity namely maximal ratio combiner (MRC), selection combiner (SC), and Hybrid (MRC/SC). We derive closed form expressions for the single user capacity, taking into account the effect of imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. The channel considered is a slowly varying spatially independent flat Rayleigh fading channel. Three adaptive transmission schemes are analysed: 1) optimal power rate and rate adaptation (opra), constant power with optimal rate adaptation (ora), and 3) channel inversion with fixed rate (cifr). Furthermore, we derive analytical results for capacity statistics including moment generating function (MGF), complementary cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (pdf)

Accountable De-anonymization in V2X Communication

De-anonymization is an important requirement in real-world V2X systems (e.g., to enable effective law enforcement). In de-anonymization, a pseudonymous identity is linked to a long-term identity in a process known as pseudonym resolution. For de-anonymization to be acceptable from political, social and legislative points of view, it has to be accountable. A system is accountable if no action by it or using it can be taken without some entity being responsible for the action. Being responsible for an action means that the responsible entity cannot deny its responsibility of or relation to an action afterwards. The main research question is: How can we achieve accountable pseudonym resolution in V2X communication systems? One possible answer is to develop an accountable de-anonymization service, which is compatible with existing V2X pseudonym schemes. The accountability can be achieved by making some entities accountable for the de-anonymization. This thesis proposes a system design that enables, i) fine-grained pseudonym resolution; ii) the possibility to inform the subject of the resolution after a suitable time delay; and iii) the possibility for the public to audit the aggregate number of pseudonym resolutions. A TEE is used to ensure these accountability properties. The security properties of this design are verified using symbolic protocol analysis

Recent Advances in Social Data and Artificial Intelligence 2019

The importance and usefulness of subjects and topics involving social data and artificial intelligence are becoming widely recognized. This book contains invited review, expository, and original research articles dealing with, and presenting state-of-the-art accounts pf, the recent advances in the subjects of social data and artificial intelligence, and potentially their links to Cyberspace

An enhanced architecture of online 3D visualization framework for monitoring coconut plantation

The visualization of existing and future agricultural plantation is becoming more important for monitoring crops as well as for decision-making, as it considerably helps to influences the production. The concept of best monitoring coconut plantation is an important stage of agricultural technology development; for instance, utilizing online 3D visualization system to support monitoring processes. The goal of this research is to present and justify an identified research problem with the utilization of a proposed enhanced architecture of online 3D visualization framework. The identified research problem was investigated since the current 3-layer framework has shortcomings, such as, weaknesses in the size of graph visualization, especially the ability to visualize large size of graph in online 3D visualization. In such situation, 3D visualization seems challenging as it generates a massive amount of image datasets and large 3D objects or graphs for each of the coconut trees. Therefore, in this novel approach, this study introduced a client/server structure-based framework which subdivides the total process into the concept of layer to overcome the existing issue. One more layer will be added to the existing three-layer framework to formalize into 3-layer framework for handling the large size graph visualization. It consists of four separate layers, namely interface layer, visualization process layer, display information layer, and database layer. Each layer has its own specific function and distinct from others. The framework was reviewed, evaluated and validated by the coconut plantation manager and 3D visualization experts; it was then used as a basis to develop a prototype to visualize the large virtual area of coconut plantation. Subsequently, the prototype was evaluated by users with diverse experience. Overall, results from the usability testing demonstrated that it can comfortably support or handle more graphs of the coconut plantation, thus achieving its satisfaction through formulating identified graph visualization problem