Confidence building measures in South Asia

This dissertation evolves a theoretical framework of the concept of Confidence Building Measures and applies it to the case-study of India Pakistan relations in the South Asia region. Part I examines the Confidence Building Measures in a global regional perspective. It outlines a theoretical framework of Confidence Building Measures by putting forward an appropriate definition of this concept and conceptualising the confidence building process in a model. It explores the empirical universe of Confidence Building Measures on a global scale in a conflict and crisis framework, in terms of its functional dimensions and at different levels of analysis. This provides a conceptual and empirical backdrop for an examination of Confidence Building Measures in the South Asian region. Part II studies the trends of conflict and cooperation in India-Pakistan relations in the first two decades after independence in 1947 and sets the stage for a more formal reconciliation process between the two countries in the post-Simla Agreement (1972) period. It also examines the operational variables given in the Indian and Pakistani political milieu that shape their bilateral confidence building process. Part III presents a detailed analysis of the India-Pakistan confidence building process in its political, military, economic and socio-cultural dimensions in the last two decades. The core issues of India-Pakistan conflict, the Kashmir conflict and Pakistan's alleged involvement in supporting terrorism in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have also been discussed. Part IV summarizes the major findings and conclusions of the study and puts forward some suggestions which may facilitate the confidence building process between India and Pakistan. The dissertation has relied on information gathered from the field work research carried out in India and Pakistan in Winter 1991-1992

Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan

Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) play a crucial role in promoting stability and trust between India and Pakistan. This article, therefore, examines the different domains of CBMs, including political, military, economic, people-to-people, and nuclear, and highlights their significance in reducing tensions and fostering cooperation. Various examples of CBMs, such as hotlines between military authorities, cultural exchanges, economic cooperation, and religious pilgrimages, are explored to showcase their positive impact on communication and understanding. The paper also discusses the prospects and recommendations for CBMs, emphasizing sustained dialogue, economic cooperation, strengthened military CBMs, and exploring non-traditional security dimensions. By prioritizing CBMs, India and Pakistan can create a more stable and peaceful environment, paving the way for conflict resolution and long-term peace in the region. It is important to note that the study is completely based on secondary data; no primary research or data collection was conducted for this specific study

BRIDGES FROM THE SEA: MARITIME CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN

This thesis is an observational study that investigates the systemic and domestic obstacles to proposed maritime confidence-building measures (MCBMs) between India and Pakistan. The impediments identified apply to a lack of general cooperation between the South Asian states; however, this thesis leverages prior academic work, which posits that the maritime issues are not only resolvable but may facilitate further momentum to address more contentious disputes. Following the introduction chapter, this study is partitioned into four sections to answer the question: why did the proposed MCBMs not hold between India and Pakistan? First, a thorough overview of the two relevant maritime issues, namely the Sir Creek dispute and the maritime boundary demarcation, are examined in tandem with MCBM progression and the implications left unresolved. Second, the systemic obstacle is argued by investigating 20th-century historical legacies and how they precipitated the social construction and institutionalization of enmity. Third, the domestic obstacle is posited by observing each state’s 21st-century media environments and how the fourth estate may contribute to hostility. Lastly, the conclusion argues for the urgent need for greater MCBMs, given the current maritime volatility in South Asia, and recommends proposals for the United States, India, and Pakistan.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

In Pursuit of a Grand Strategy: An Explanation of Pakistan’s Evolving Nuclear Policy

Explaining, investigating and analysing South Asian security scene in the post-Cold War takes into account overt nuclearisation by India and Pakistan in 1998 and the changing perceptions and requirements of national security as reflected in the policy formulations on nuclear strategy. For Pakistan, comprehensive deliberations on security problematique is addressed within the gambit of its newly acquired nuclear weapons and in the shaping and evolution of its nuclear doctrine. The paper addresses Pakistan's nuclear doctrine by critically examining the following aspects: (a) Conceptualising Risk paradigm and situating Pakistan's fragile regime (b) Nuclear First Strike Option versus No First Use (c) Institutional arrangements related to setting up of nuclear command (c) Delineating the notion of nuclear threshold (d) Examining viability of Limited War concept. Specific proposals floated by Pakistan toward strategic restraint regime will also be analyzed. Finally, the paper will address the current peace dialogue between India and Pakistan and how that could affect latter's strategic perspective in the long term

India and Pakistan: Trading for Peace

Are shared democratic values the most important factors in promoting peace between countries, or common economic interests? New econometric research shows that, in the case of India and Pakistan, trade with other countries increases the chance of peace.Inter-state conflict and trade, democracy and conflict, conflict and economic development

The relationship between India and Indonesia: an evolving security partnership

This article examines the evolution of relations between India and Indonesia. It argues that there are grounds to believe that this relationship may develop into a broad-based security partnership over time. Whether this occurs sooner rather than later will depend on the extent to which both countries see an imperative to turn their numerous complementary interests into practical deeds

India’s Nuclear Doctrine : Context and Constraints

Ever since India achieved independence in 1947, its response to global nuclear non-proliferation measures has been a dominant theme in the country’s overall evolution of nuclear policy. However, India conducted a nuclear test in 1974, which it termed a ‘peaceful nuclear explosion’ and in 1998, India conducted a full-scale nuclear test and subsequently claimed to have attained nuclear capability. The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate key elements of India’s draft nuclear doctrine. The draft was presented to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet in August 1999 and released later for public debate by the National Security Advisory Board

PAKISTAN-INDIA BILATERAL RELATIONS AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PEACEBUILDING

The recent Pulwama incident has further strained the already tense relationship between India and Pakistan. India's violation of the UN resolution on Kashmir has exacerbated the situation, leaving both countries with seemingly no common ground or shared challenges to bring them to the dialogue table and build confidence and trust for a sustainable relationship. This paper proposes a peace-initiating process prioritising cooperation on common environmental challenges to improve bilateral relations between Pakistan and India. Environmental peacebuilding, which focuses on shared ecological challenges and provides a platform for dialogue and cooperation between rival states, has been explored for a couple of years. However, the cooperative dimensions of environmental peacebuilding have yet to be studied in bilateral relations between Pakistan and India. This paper provides a brief qualitative analysis of relations between two countries, highlights the potential for environmental peacebuilding to improve their relationship, and addresses challenges to successfully implementing this approach.   Bibliography Entry Khan, Omair Farooq. 2023. "Pakistan-India Bilateral Relations and Application of Environmental Peacebuilding." Margalla Papers 27 (1): 155-165

Maritime confidence building measures in the South China Sea conference

ASPI hosted a conference on Maritime Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs) in the South China Sea, 12-13 August 2013 in  Sydney. The objective of the conference was to develop proposals for prospective MCBMs for the South China Sea.  This report includes speeches by Senator Bob Carr, then Australia’s Minister for Foreign Affairs, Professor Dr Hasjim Djalal, Senior Advisor to the Indonesian Minister for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and Indonesian Naval Chief of Staff and VADM Ray Griggs, Australia’s Chief of Navy. Papers by Dr Sam Bateman, Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Captain Justin Jones, Sea Power Centre – Australia and Mr Kwa Chong Guan, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore further inform on the topic. The report contains a summary record of the conference and the Chairman’s final statement from the conference

Green Governance - One Solution for two problems? Climate change and economic shocks: risk perceptions and coping strategies in China, India and Bangladesh

This collection of papers is based on an international workshop held in the summer of 2009 at the University of Duisburg-Essen. It brings together different perceptions regarding China, India and Bangladesh as they face the risks and crises of climate change and economic shocks like the recent global financial crisis. The papers reflect assumptions concerning the concept of Risk Society and discuss the extent to which Sustainable Development and the rather new concepts of Green Governance, Green Economy and the New Great Deal offer avenues for transforming risk societies into risk-avoiding and riskresistant societies and states. On the basis of these concepts, the current situation in China, India and Bangladesh is described, including the coping strategies which have been implemented so far. Contents: Tobias Debiel / Thomas Heberer: Preface - - - Anja Senz / Dieter Reinhardt: Introduction: Crisis Perception and Green Governance in Comparative Perspective: Questions, Concerns and Format of the Publication - - - Karen Shire: Risks as a Research Topic - Concepts and Methods - - - Chen Yugang: Measure for Meeting Challenges of Climate Change - a Chinese Perspective - - - Yang Long: Potential Instability Caused by the Financial Crisis - Measures Taken by the Chinese State - - - Anja Senz: Green Governance and Sustainable Development in China: Two Problems - One Solution? - - - Dinoo Anna Mathew: Climate Change in India with Special Reference to Women - - - Ash Narain Roy: Coping with Climate Change and Financial Crisis - the Indian Narrative - - - Dalem Barman: Climate Change and Security: A South Asian Perspective - - - Dil Rowshan: Anthropogenic Intervention in Natural Eco-Systems and Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh - - - Özlem Ipiv / Dieter Reinhardt: Sustainable Green Investments and Policies in Bangladesh: Two problems - One Solution? - - - Dieter Reinhardt / Anja Senz: Conclusions: Risks, the Green New Deal, and Green Governance - Lessons from South and East Asia --green governance,risk perception,climate change,financial crises,sustainable development,green new deal,green jobs,implementation,civil society,donor policies,China,India,Bangladesh