A Web-based multimedia collaboratory. Empirical work studies in film archives

This report represents the latest study in the activity on Ecological Information Systems conducted in the Center for Human Machine Interaction situated at Ris National Laboratory and the University of Aarhus. The purpose of this activity is to give a description of the characteristics of work domains that will serve to outline the general context of concern to design of collaboratories. In addition, a set of preliminary implications for the design of a collaboratory are derived from the cognitive work analysis. To anticipate, further research on this approach to the design of collaboratories will show how the preceding analysis is likely to lead to a novel theoretical framework, called Ecological Collaborative Information Systems (ECIS), required for the design of collaboratories. The intention is to illustrate how the general principles of ECIS can be instantiated to develop a concrete design product: A crossdisciplinary and cross-cultural collaboratory to support customer service and professional research in archives. A web based Collaboratory Numerous valuable historic and cultural films and their sources are scattered in various national archives. Knowledge and usage of the multinational film material are severely impeded by access problems. To fully exploit the cultural film heritage internationally, a high degree of cross-disciplinary and international collaboration among professionals working with the film media is required. The Collaboratory for Annotation, Indexing and Retrieval of Digitized Historical Archive Material (Collate) is intended to foster and support collaboration on research, cultural mediation and preservation of films through a distributed multimedia repository. The collaboratory will provide webbased tools and interfac..

FRBR, Facets, and Moving Images: A Literature Review

Annotated bibliography on resources related to FBRB, facets and moving images

Let Me Tell You About My Grandpa: A Content Analysis of User Annotations To Online Archival Collections

Archivists have a long history of striving for objectivity in their descriptions of archival materials for their users. However, archivists are only capable of providing limited contextual knowledge about a collection due to their own subjective point of view and limitations on time and resources in processing. One proposed solution is the implementation of user-contributed annotations to online archival content, though many institutions have been slow to adopt this feature into their own digital initiatives. This study provides a content analysis of user annotations from three online archival collections: The Polar Bear Expedition Digital Collections, Beyond Brown Paper, and the Keweenaw Digital Archives. Findings showed that users most often engage in information-providing communication behaviors, with some variances between the three sites. In analyzing existing annotations, this study seeks to inform the role of user-contributed content in archival description

Advocate, Spring 2015, Vol. 26, No. 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS From the Editor’s Desk: More Propaganda, Less Liberalism: Our Ongoing Struggle (p. 3) Letters to the Editor (p. 5) CUNY News in Brief: - One Step Forward, Two Steps Back (p. 6) - Unions to Mobilize on May Day Against Racist Police Killings. CUNY Internationalist Clubs (p. 7) Graduate Student Life: - Digital Humanities Resources: A Personal Journey. Jennifer Tang (p. 9) - The CUNY Experience Beyond Advocacy: Creating a CUNY-Wide Student Union. Amanda Ocasio (p. 11) In Conversation: - Prisoners for Profit: CUNY Prison Divest and the Carceral State. Christina Nadler, Melissa Marturano, and Sean M. Kennedy (p. 13) Political Analysis: - A Tragedy of Strife: Yemen After the Arab Spring. Denise Rivera (p. 18) - Incapacitated by Capitalism: Jamaica, Obama, and the IMF. Rhone Fraser (p. 20) Edifying Debate: - The Seeds of a Revolution: The Anatomy of the Baltimore Revolt. Gordon Barnes (p. 22) - Fighting for Feminism: Well…Sort Of. Jennifer Polish (p. 26) Featured Articles: - Breaking Down Bratton: The Liberal Advocacy of Authoritarian Policing. Ashoka Jegroo (p. 28) - Pushing Back Against the Landlords: Low-Income Residents and the Struggle for Legal Counsel. Paul Mcbreen (p. 30) - Worker Cooperatives: An Alternative for Youth. Alexander Kolokotronis (p. 32) - Science and Superstition: Why Seeing Should Not Be Believing. Greg Olmschenk (p. 35) Art Review: - On Beauty and Being Boring: The Art of Alma Thomas. Clay Matlin (p. 38) Event Review: - Invoking Stuart Hall: Geographic Negation and the Legacy of Racial Capitalism. Angela Marie Crumdy (p. 40) Book Review: - The Need for Something New Under the Sun. Erik Wallenberg (p. 42) - Irresistible Revolutions: Toni Cade Bambara’s Emancipatory Philosophy. Rhone Fraser (p. 45) From The Doctoral Students’ Council: - End of Year Update (p. 47) The Back Page: - Mind Games. Maryam Ghaffari Saadat Ph.D. - Comics. Jorge Cha

A Probabilistic Framework for Information Modelling and Retrieval Based on User Annotations on Digital Objects

Annotations are a means to make critical remarks, to explain and comment things, to add notes and give opinions, and to relate objects. Nowadays, they can be found in digital libraries and collaboratories, for example as a building block for scientific discussion on the one hand or as private notes on the other. We further find them in product reviews, scientific databases and many "Web 2.0" applications; even well-established concepts like emails can be regarded as annotations in a certain sense. Digital annotations can be (textual) comments, markings (i.e. highlighted parts) and references to other documents or document parts. Since annotations convey information which is potentially important to satisfy a user's information need, this thesis tries to answer the question of how to exploit annotations for information retrieval. It gives a first answer to the question if retrieval effectiveness can be improved with annotations. A survey of the "annotation universe" reveals some facets of annotations; for example, they can be content level annotations (extending the content of the annotation object) or meta level ones (saying something about the annotated object). Besides the annotations themselves, other objects created during the process of annotation can be interesting for retrieval, these being the annotated fragments. These objects are integrated into an object-oriented model comprising digital objects such as structured documents and annotations as well as fragments. In this model, the different relationships among the various objects are reflected. From this model, the basic data structure for annotation-based retrieval, the structured annotation hypertext, is derived. In order to thoroughly exploit the information contained in structured annotation hypertexts, a probabilistic, object-oriented logical framework called POLAR is introduced. In POLAR, structured annotation hypertexts can be modelled by means of probabilistic propositions and four-valued logics. POLAR allows for specifying several relationships among annotations and annotated (sub)parts or fragments. Queries can be posed to extract the knowledge contained in structured annotation hypertexts. POLAR supports annotation-based retrieval, i.e. document and discussion search, by applying an augmentation strategy (knowledge augmentation, propagating propositions from subcontexts like annotations, or relevance augmentation, where retrieval status values are propagated) in conjunction with probabilistic inference, where P(d -> q), the probability that a document d implies a query q, is estimated. POLAR's semantics is based on possible worlds and accessibility relations. It is implemented on top of four-valued probabilistic Datalog. POLAR's core retrieval functionality, knowledge augmentation with probabilistic inference, is evaluated for discussion and document search. The experiments show that all relevant POLAR objects, merged annotation targets, fragments and content annotations, are able to increase retrieval effectiveness when used as a context for discussion or document search. Additional experiments reveal that we can determine the polarity of annotations with an accuracy of around 80%

Public Archaeology in a Digital Age

This thesis examines the impact of the democratic promises of Internet communication technologies, social, and participatory media on the practice of public archaeology. It is focused on work within archaeological organisations in the UK in commercial archaeology, higher education, local authority planning departments and community settings, as well the voluntary planning departments and community settings, as well the voluntary archaeology sector archaeology sector . This work has taken an innovative approach to the subject matter through its use of a Grounded Theory method for data collection and analysis, and the use of a combination of online surveys, case studies and email questionnaires in order to address the following issues: the provision of authoritative archaeological information online; barriers to participation; policy and organisational approaches to evaluating success and archiving; community formation and activism, and the impact of digital inequalities and literacies. This thesis is the first overarching study into the use of participatory media in archaeology. It is an important exploration of where and how the profession is creating and managing digital platforms, and the expanding opportunities for networking and sharing information within the discipline, against a backdrop of rapid advancement in the use of Internet technologies within society. This work has made significant contributions to debates on the practice and impact of public archaeology. It has shown that archaeologists do not yet fully understand the complexities of Internet use and issues of digital literacy, the impact of audience demographics or disposition towards participation in online projects. It has shown that whilst recognition of democratic participation is not, on the whole, undertaken through a process of actively acknowledging responses to archaeological information, there remains potential for participatory media to support and accommodate these ideals. This work documents a period of great change within the practice of archaeology in the UK, and concludes with the observation that it is vital that the discipline undertake research into online audiences for archaeological information if we are to create sustainable digital public archaeologies

Towards a Common Schema in Distributed Humanities Research

As humanities scholars move from creating traditional scholarly publications to creating online collaborative research projects they have begun to realize the need for a common vocabulary or schema to describe their domains. This paper explores the study of moviegoing and the process of creating a schema to describe the field of moviegoing. The purpose is to involve scholars focused on different aspects of moviegoing in schema development so that they might be able to begin their research with this core schema, and share their research with each other using this schema as a crosswalk. Ten different moviegoing scholars were asked to participate in a Delphi study to help define the field of moviegoing for future research and analysis. The iterative process of a Delphi study allowed me to collate the thoughts of experts from around the world. It is hoped that the creation of an after-the-fact schema for existing

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Digital Language Archives: LangArc 2023

Conference proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Digital Language Archives held on June 30, 2023 as part of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2023. It includes 10 peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the workshop and an introduction from the workshop organizers

From social tagging to polyrepresentation: a study of expert annotating behavior of moving images

Mención Internacional en el título de doctorThis thesis investigates “nichesourcing” (De Boer, Hildebrand, et al., 2012), an emergent initiative of cultural heritage crowdsoucing in which niches of experts are involved in the annotating tasks. This initiative is studied in relation to moving image annotation, and in the context of audiovisual heritage, more specifically, within the sector of film archives. The work presents a case study of film and media scholars to investigate the types of annotations and attribute descriptions that they could eventually contribute, as well as the information needs, and seeking and searching behaviors of this group, in order to determine what the role of the different types of annotations in supporting their expert tasks would be. The study is composed of three independent but interconnected studies using a mixed methodology and an interpretive approach. It uses concepts from the information behavior discipline, and the "Integrated Information Seeking and Retrieval Framework" (IS&R) (Ingwersen and Järvelin, 2005) as guidance for the investigation. The findings show that there are several types of annotations that moving image experts could contribute to a nichesourcing initiative, of which time-based tags are only one of the possibilities. The findings also indicate that for the different foci in film and media research, in-depth indexing at the content level is only needed for supporting a specific research focus, for supporting research in other domains, or for engaging broader audiences. The main implications at the level of information infrastructure are the requirement for more varied annotating support, more interoperability among existing metadata standards and frameworks, and the need for guidelines about crowdsoucing and nichesourcing implementation in the audiovisual heritage sector. This research presents contributions to the studies of social tagging applied to moving images, to the discipline of information behavior, by proposing new concepts related to the area of use behavior, and to the concept of “polyrepresentation” (Ingwersen, 1992, 1996) applied to the humanities domain.Esta tesis investiga la iniciativa del nichesourcing (De Boer, Hildebrand, et al., 2012), como una forma de crowdsoucing en sector del patrimonio cultural, en la cuál grupos de expertos participan en las tareas de anotación de las colecciones. El ámbito de aplicación es la anotación de las imágenes en movimiento en el contexto del patrimonio audiovisual, más específicamente, en el caso de los archivos fílmicos. El trabajo presenta un estudio de caso aplicado a un dominio específico de expertos en el ámbito audiovisual: los académicos de cine y medios. El análisis se centra en dos aspectos específicos del problema: los tipos de anotaciones y atributos en las descripciones que podrían obtenerse de este nicho de expertos; y en las necesidades de información y el comportamiento informacional de dicho grupo, con el fin de determinar cuál es el rol de los diferentes tipos de anotaciones en sus tareas de investigación. La tesis se compone de tres estudios independientes e interconectados; se usa una metodología mixta e interpretativa. El marco teórico se compone de conceptos del área de estudios de comportamiento informacional (“information behavior”) y del “Marco integrado de búsqueda y recuperación de la información” ("Integrated Information Seeking and Retrieval Framework" (IS&R)) propuesto por Ingwersen y Järvelin (2005), que sirven de guía para la investigación. Los hallazgos indican que existen diversas formas de anotación de la imagen en movimiento que podrían generarse a partir de las contribuciones de expertos, de las cuáles las etiquetas a nivel de plano son sólo una de las posibilidades. Igualmente, se identificaron diversos focos de investigación en el área académica de cine y medios. La indexación detallada de contenidos sólo es requerida por uno de esos grupos y por investigadores de otras disciplinas, o como forma de involucrar audiencias más amplias. Las implicaciones más relevantes, a nivel de la infraestructura informacional, se refieren a los requisitos de soporte a formas más variadas de anotación, el requisito de mayor interoperabilidad de los estándares y marcos de metadatos, y la necesidad de publicación de guías de buenas prácticas sobre de cómo implementar iniciativas de crowdsoucing o nichesourcing en el sector del patrimonio audiovisual. Este trabajo presenta aportes a la investigación sobre el etiquetado social aplicado a las imágenes en movimiento, a la disciplina de estudios del comportamiento informacional, a la que se proponen nuevos conceptos relacionados con el área de uso de la información, y al concepto de “poli-representación” (Ingwersen, 1992, 1996) en las disciplinas humanísticas.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Documentación: Archivos y Bibliotecas en el Entorno DigitalPresidente: Peter Emil Rerup Ingwersen.- Secretario: Antonio Hernández Pérez.- Vocal: Nils Phar