9,368 research outputs found
Dynamical Gauge Conditions for the Einstein Evolution Equations
The Einstein evolution equations have been written in a number of symmetric
hyperbolic forms when the gauge fields--the densitized lapse and the shift--are
taken to be fixed functions of the coordinates. Extended systems of evolution
equations are constructed here by adding the gauge degrees of freedom to the
set of dynamical fields, thus forming symmetric hyperbolic systems for the
combined evolution of the gravitational and the gauge fields. The associated
characteristic speeds can be made causal (i.e. less than or equal to the speed
of light) by adjusting 14 free parameters in these new systems. And 21
additional free parameters are available, for example to optimize the stability
of numerical evolutions. The gauge evolution equations in these systems are
generalizations of the ``K-driver'' and ``Gamma-driver'' conditions that have
been used with some success in numerical black hole evolutions.Comment: New appendix on constraint evolution adde
Termhood-based Comparability Metrics of Comparable Corpus in Special Domain
Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and machine translation (MT)
resources, such as dictionaries and parallel corpora, are scarce and hard to
come by for special domains. Besides, these resources are just limited to a few
languages, such as English, French, and Spanish and so on. So, obtaining
comparable corpora automatically for such domains could be an answer to this
problem effectively. Comparable corpora, that the subcorpora are not
translations of each other, can be easily obtained from web. Therefore,
building and using comparable corpora is often a more feasible option in
multilingual information processing. Comparability metrics is one of key issues
in the field of building and using comparable corpus. Currently, there is no
widely accepted definition or metrics method of corpus comparability. In fact,
Different definitions or metrics methods of comparability might be given to
suit various tasks about natural language processing. A new comparability,
namely, termhood-based metrics, oriented to the task of bilingual terminology
extraction, is proposed in this paper. In this method, words are ranked by
termhood not frequency, and then the cosine similarities, calculated based on
the ranking lists of word termhood, is used as comparability. Experiments
results show that termhood-based metrics performs better than traditional
frequency-based metrics
The prevalence of insomnia in the general population in China: A meta-analysis
This is the first meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of insomnia in the general population of China. A systematic literature search was conducted via the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Interne (CNKI), WanFang Data and SinoMed). Statistical analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. A total of 17 studies with 115,988 participants met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of insomnia in China was 15.0% (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 12.1%-18.5%). No significant difference was found in the prevalence between genders or across time period. The pooled prevalence of insomnia in population with a mean age of 43.7 years and older (11.6%; 95% CI: 7.5%-17.6%) was significantly lower than in those with a mean age younger than 43.7 years (20.4%; 95% CI: 14.2%-28.2%). The prevalence of insomnia was significantly affected by the type of assessment tools (Q = 14.1, P = 0.001). The general population prevalence of insomnia in China is lower than those reported in Western countries but similar to those in Asian countries. Younger Chinese adults appear to suffer from more insomnia than older adults
Comparative Study on Task-Based Teaching and Learning: A Scientometric Analysis in CiteSpace
This study conducted a scientometric analysis using CiteSapce based on literature from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) between 2013 and 2022. The primary objective is to comparatively explore the current status, themes, and emerging trends in task-based teaching and learning to understand this field comprehensively. The results provided insights for researchers to explore more in this field
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