Amine catalysis for the organocatalytic diboration of challenging alkenes

© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim The generation of in situ sp 2 –sp 3 diboron adducts has revolutionised the synthesis of organoboranes. Organocatalytic diboration reactions have represented a milestone in terms of unpredictable reactivity of these adducts. However, current methodologies have limitations in terms of substrate scope, selectivity and functional group tolerance. Here a new methodology based on the use of simple amines as catalyst is reported. This methodology provides a completely selective transformation overcoming current substrate scope and functional/protecting group limitations. Mechanistic studies have been included in this report

Verification of Hierarchical Artifact Systems

Data-driven workflows, of which IBM's Business Artifacts are a prime exponent, have been successfully deployed in practice, adopted in industrial standards, and have spawned a rich body of research in academia, focused primarily on static analysis. The present work represents a significant advance on the problem of artifact verification, by considering a much richer and more realistic model than in previous work, incorporating core elements of IBM's successful Guard-Stage-Milestone model. In particular, the model features task hierarchy, concurrency, and richer artifact data. It also allows database key and foreign key dependencies, as well as arithmetic constraints. The results show decidability of verification and establish its complexity, making use of novel techniques including a hierarchy of Vector Addition Systems and a variant of quantifier elimination tailored to our context.Comment: Full version of the accepted PODS pape