9 research outputs found

    Low Voltage Low Power Analogue Circuits Design

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    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce je zaměƙena na vĂœzkum nejbÄ›ĆŸnějĆĄĂ­ch metod, kterĂ© se vyuĆŸĂ­vajĂ­ pƙi nĂĄvrhu analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ s vyuĆŸitĂ­ nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch (LV) a nĂ­zkopƙíkonovĂœch (LP) struktur. Tyto LV LP obvody mohou bĂœt vytvoƙeny dĂ­ky vyspělĂœm technologiĂ­m nebo takĂ© vyuĆŸitĂ­m pokročilĂœch technik nĂĄvrhu. DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ prĂĄvě pokročilĂœmi technikami nĂĄvrhu, pƙedevĆĄĂ­m pak nekonvenčnĂ­mi. Mezi tyto techniky patƙí vyuĆŸitĂ­ prvkĆŻ s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem (bulk-driven - BD), s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (floating-gate - FG), s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - QFG), s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (bulk-driven floating-gate - BD-FG) a s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - BD-QFG). PrĂĄce je takĂ© orientovĂĄna na moĆŸnĂ© zpĆŻsoby implementace znĂĄmĂœch a modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m nebo mix-mĂłdu. Mezi tyto prvky lze začlenit zesilovače typu OTA (operational transconductance amplifier), CCII (second generation current conveyor), FB-CCII (fully-differential second generation current conveyor), FB-DDA (fully-balanced differential difference amplifier), VDTA (voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CC-CDBA (current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier) a CFOA (current feedback operational amplifier). Za Ășčelem potvrzenĂ­ funkčnosti a chovĂĄnĂ­ vĂœĆĄe zmĂ­něnĂœch struktur a prvkĆŻ byly vytvoƙeny pƙíklady aplikacĂ­, kterĂ© simulujĂ­ usměrƈovacĂ­ a induktančnĂ­ vlastnosti diody, dĂĄle pak filtry dolnĂ­ propusti, pĂĄsmovĂ© propusti a takĂ© univerzĂĄlnĂ­ filtry. VĆĄechny aktivnĂ­ prvky a pƙíklady aplikacĂ­ byly ověƙeny pomocĂ­ PSpice simulacĂ­ s vyuĆŸitĂ­m parametrĆŻ technologie 0,18 m TSMC CMOS. Pro ilustraci pƙesnĂ©ho a ĂșčinnĂ©ho chovĂĄnĂ­ struktur je v disertačnĂ­ prĂĄci zahrnuto velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ­ simulačnĂ­ch vĂœsledkĆŻ.The dissertation thesis is aiming at examining the most common methods adopted by analog circuits' designers in order to achieve low voltage (LV) low power (LP) configurations. The capability of LV LP operation could be achieved either by developed technologies or by design techniques. The thesis is concentrating upon design techniques, especially the non–conventional ones which are bulk–driven (BD), floating–gate (FG), quasi–floating–gate (QFG), bulk–driven floating–gate (BD–FG) and bulk–driven quasi–floating–gate (BD–QFG) techniques. The thesis also looks at ways of implementing structures of well–known and modern active elements operating in voltage–, current–, and mixed–mode such as operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), second generation current conveyor (CCII), fully–differential second generation current conveyor (FB–CCII), fully–balanced differential difference amplifier (FB–DDA), voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), current–controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CC–CDBA) and current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). In order to confirm the functionality and behavior of these configurations and elements, they have been utilized in application examples such as diode–less rectifier and inductance simulations, as well as low–pass, band–pass and universal filters. All active elements and application examples have been verified by PSpice simulator using the 0.18 m TSMC CMOS parameters. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of structures.

    Techniques de conception de circuits analogiques intégrés à haute performance en CMOS

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    Amplificateurs opérationnels à réaction en courant et circuits de transconductance à hautes fréquences en technologie CMOS -- Amplificateurs opérationnels à réaction en courant -- Circuits de transconductance CMOS (VCT) -- Amplificateur opérationnel à réaction en courant, de gain élevé et de tension de décalage réduite -- An offset compensated and high gain CMOS current-feedback op.-amp. -- Technique de compensation pour réduire la tension de décalage et l'erreur de gain des amplificateurs opérationnels à réaction en courant en technologie CMOS : Conception et mesures -- Compensation technique to reduce offset and gain error of CMOS CFOA : design and subsequent measurements -- Circuit de transconductance à hautes performances en technologie CMOS pour les applications mixtes analogiques et numériques -- High performance CMOS transconductor for mixed-signal analog-digital applications -- Nouvelle architecture d'un CFOA en CMOS (partie A) -- Nouvelle architecture d'un VCT en CMOS (partie B)

    Novel active function blocks and their applications in frequency filters and quadrature oscillators

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    KmitočtovĂ© filtry a sinusoidnĂ­ oscilĂĄtory jsou lineĂĄrnĂ­ elektronickĂ© obvody, kterĂ© jsou pouĆŸĂ­vĂĄny v ĆĄirokĂ© oblasti elektroniky a jsou zĂĄkladnĂ­mi stavebnĂ­mi bloky v analogovĂ©m zpracovĂĄnĂ­ signĂĄlu. V poslednĂ­ dekĂĄdě pro tento Ășčel bylo prezentovĂĄno velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ­ stavebnĂ­ch funkčnĂ­ch blokĆŻ. V letech 2000 a 2006 na Ústavu telekomunikacĂ­, VUT v Brně byly definovĂĄny univerzĂĄlnĂ­ proudovĂœ konvejor (UCC) a univerzĂĄlnĂ­ napět'ovĂœ konvejor (UVC) a vyrobeny ve spoluprĂĄci s firmou AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. OvĆĄem, stĂĄle existuje poĆŸadavek na vĂœvoj novĂœch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ, kterĂ© nabĂ­zejĂ­ novĂ© vĂœhody. HlavnĂ­ pƙínos prĂĄce proto spočívĂĄ v definici dalĆĄĂ­ch pĆŻvodnĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch stavebnĂ­ch blokĆŻ jako jsou differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), a minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). PomocĂ­ navrĆŸenĂœch aktivnĂ­ch stavebnĂ­ch blokĆŻ byly prezentovĂĄny pĆŻvodnĂ­ zapojenĂ­ fĂĄzovacĂ­ch člĂĄnkĆŻ prvnĂ­ho ƙádu, univerzĂĄlnĂ­ filtry druhĂ©ho ƙádu, ekvivalenty obvodu typu KHN, inverznĂ­ filtry, aktivnĂ­ simulĂĄtory uzemněnĂ©ho induktoru a kvadraturnĂ­ sinusoidnĂ­ oscilĂĄtory pracujĂ­cĂ­ v proudovĂ©m, napět'ovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄenĂ©m mĂłdu. ChovĂĄnĂ­ navrĆŸenĂœch obvodĆŻ byla ověƙena simulacĂ­ v prostƙedĂ­ SPICE a ve vybranĂœch pƙípadech experimentĂĄlnĂ­m měƙenĂ­m.Frequency filters and sinusoidal oscillators are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics and also are the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, huge number of active building blocks (ABBs) were presented for this purpose. In 2000 and 2006, the universal current conveyor (UCC) and the universal voltage conveyor (UVC), respectively, were designed at the Department of Telecommunication, BUT, Brno, and produced in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. There is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new advantages. The main contribution of this thesis is, therefore, the definition of other novel ABBs such as the differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), the current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), the z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), the generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), the voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), and the minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). Using the proposed ABBs, novel structures of first-order all-pass filters, second-order universal filters, KHN-equivalent circuits, inverse filters, active grounded inductance simulators, and quadrature sinusoidal oscillators working in the current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode are presented. The behavior of the proposed circuits has been verified by SPICE simulations and in selected cases also by experimental measurements.

    Unconventional Circuit Elements for Ladder Filter Design

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    KmitočtovĂ© filtry jsou lineĂĄrnĂ­ elektrickĂ© obvody, kterĂ© jsou vyuĆŸĂ­vĂĄny v rĆŻznĂœch oblastech elektroniky. Současně tvoƙí zĂĄkladnĂ­ stavebnĂ­ bloky pro analogovĂ© zpracovĂĄnĂ­ signĂĄlĆŻ. V poslednĂ­ dekĂĄdě bylo zavedeno mnoĆŸstvĂ­ aktivnĂ­ch stavebnĂ­ch blokĆŻ pro analogovĂ© zpracovĂĄnĂ­ signĂĄlĆŻ. StĂĄle vĆĄak existuje potƙeba vĂœvoje novĂœch aktivnĂ­ch součástek, kterĂ© by poskytovaly novĂ© moĆŸnosti a lepĆĄĂ­ parametry. V prĂĄci jsou diskutovĂĄny rĆŻznĂ© aspekty obvodĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄnĂ©m mĂłdu. PrĂĄce reaguje na dneĆĄnĂ­ potƙebu nĂ­zkovĂœkonovĂœch a nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch aplikacĂ­ pro pƙenosnĂ© pƙístroje a mobilnĂ­ komunikačnĂ­ systĂ©my a na problĂ©my jejich nĂĄvrhu. Potƙeba těchto vĂœkonnĂœch nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch zaƙízenĂ­ je vĂœzvou nĂĄvrháƙƯ k hledĂĄnĂ­ novĂœch obvodovĂœch topologiĂ­ a novĂœch nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch technik. V prĂĄci je popsĂĄna ƙada aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ, jako napƙíklad operačnĂ­ transkonduktančnĂ­ zesilovač (OTA), proudovĂœ konvejor II. generace (CCII) a CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier). DĂĄle jsou navrĆŸeny novĂ© prvky, jako jsou VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) a VDVTA (Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier). VĆĄechny tyto prvky byly rovnÄ›ĆŸ implementovĂĄny pomocĂ­ "bulk-driven" techniky CMOS s cĂ­lem realizace nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch aplikacĂ­. Tato prĂĄce je rovnÄ›ĆŸ zaměƙena na nĂĄhrady klasickĂœch induktorĆŻ syntetickĂœmi induktory v pasivnĂ­ch LC pƙíčkovĂœch filtrech. Tyto nĂĄhrady pak mohou vĂ©st k syntĂ©ze aktivnĂ­ch filtrĆŻ se zajĂ­mavĂœmi vlastnostmi.Frequency filters are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics. They are also the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, a huge number of active building blocks for analogue signal processing was introduced. However, there is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new possibilities and better parameters. The current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode analog circuits and their various aspects are discussed in the thesis. This work reflects the trend of low-power (LP) low-voltage (LV) circuits for portable electronic and mobile communication systems and the problems of their design. The need for high-performance LV circuits encourages the analog designers to look for new circuit architectures and new LV techniques. This thesis presents various active elements such as Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), Current Conveyor of Second Generation (CCII), and Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (CDTA), and introduces novel ones, such as Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) and Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier (VDVTA). All the above active elements were also designed in CMOS bulk-driven technology for LP LV applications. This thesis is also focused on replacement of conventional inductors by synthetic ones in passive LC ladder filters. These replacements can lead to the synthesis of active filters with interesting parameters.

    Circuits for Analog Signal Processing Employing Unconventional Active Elements

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    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ zavĂĄděnĂ­m novĂœch struktur modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄenĂ©m reĆŸimu. Funkčnost a chovĂĄnĂ­ těchto prvkĆŻ byly ověƙeny prostƙednictvĂ­m SPICE simulacĂ­. V tĂ©to prĂĄci je zahrnuta ƙada simulacĂ­, kterĂ© dokazujĂ­ pƙesnost a dobrĂ© vlastnosti těchto prvkĆŻ, pƙičemĆŸ velkĂœ dĆŻraz byl kladen na to, aby tyto prvky byly schopny pracovat pƙi nĂ­zkĂ©m napĂĄjecĂ­m napětĂ­, jelikoĆŸ poptĂĄvka po pƙenosnĂœch elektronickĂœch zaƙízenĂ­ch a implantabilnĂ­ch zdravotnickĂœch pƙístrojĂ­ch stĂĄle roste. Tyto pƙístroje jsou napĂĄjeny bateriemi a k tomu, aby byla prodlouĆŸena jejich ĆŸivotnost, trend navrhovĂĄnĂ­ analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ směƙuje k stĂĄle větĆĄĂ­mu sniĆŸovĂĄnĂ­ spotƙeby a napĂĄjecĂ­ho napětĂ­. HlavnĂ­m pƙínosem tĂ©to prĂĄce je nĂĄvrh novĂœch CMOS struktur: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) na zĂĄkladě BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) a QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) na zĂĄkladě FG, transkonduktor na zĂĄkladě novĂ© techniky BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate), CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD (Gate Driven), VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD a DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě BD. DĂĄle je uvedeno několik zajĂ­mavĂœch aplikacĂ­ uĆŸĂ­vajĂ­cĂ­ch vĂœĆĄe jmenovanĂ© prvky. ZĂ­skanĂ© vĂœsledky simulacĂ­ odpovĂ­dajĂ­ teoretickĂœm pƙedpokladĆŻm.The dissertation thesis deals with implementing new structures of modern active elements working in voltage_, current_, and mixed mode. The functionality and behavior of these elements have been verified by SPICE simulation. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of those elements. However, a big attention to implement active elements by utilizing LV LP (Low Voltage Low Power) techniques is given in this thesis. This attention came from the fact that growing demand of portable electronic equipments and implantable medical devices are pushing the development towards LV LP integrated circuits because of their influence on batteries lifetime. More specifically, the main contribution of this thesis is to implement new CMOS structures of: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) based on BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) and QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) based on FG; Transconductor based on new technique of BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate); CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on conventional GD (Gate Driven); VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on GD. Moreover, defining new active element i.e. DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) based on BD is also one of the main contributions of this thesis. To confirm the workability and attractive properties of the proposed circuits many applications were exhibited. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.

    CFOA-based state-variable biquad and its high-frequency compensation

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